文化大革命(The Great Cultural Revolution)
文化大革命(The Great Cultural Revolution) ● 字源 「Cultural」 源自拉丁文 cultura(耕作、栽培、養育),原指對土地或心靈的培育,引申為人類社群透過符號、儀式與制度所累積並傳承的精神與生活方式。 「Revolution」 源自晚期拉丁文 revolutio(翻轉、迴旋、旋轉),原用於天文学描述天體的循環運動,後引申為政治與社會制度遭逢劇烈、根本性且往往伴隨動盪的翻轉與重塑過程。 「The Great Cultural Revolution」 由中國共產黨於 1960 年代中期發起(全稱為「無產階級文化大革命」)。該運動名義上旨在透過肅清「封資修」(封建主義、資本主義、修正主義)意識形態以純化革命精神,實質上則深層震撼了中國的政治結構、社會組織與傳統文化價值,成為二十世紀東亞歷史上影響最為深遠且具爭議性的政治動態機制之一。 ● 例句 No political movement in modern Asian history, a turbulent era that continuously profoundly transformed how state power reshapes institutional structures, exerted a more catastrophic influence than Mao’s Great Cultural Revolution, which, by mobilizing millions of fanatical youth to purge traditional values, demonstrated that ideological zeal produces social chaos less than it inevitably facilitates totalitarian control, where initial revolutionary fervor degenerated into widespread persecution across factionalized communities, engendering a traumatic societal disruption whose historical scars...