大航海 43個英文字一句話 學術型超複雜文法結構長難句
【丁連財的英文學術型超複雜文法結構長難句破解示範】【大幅提升英文閱讀與寫作能力必經的訓練過程】43個英文字一句話 學術型超複雜文法結構長難句 簡介開啟大航海時代的原因
學術論文與著作必須在有限的頁數與篇幅中承載豐富的訊息與札實的論述,不能浪費時間與空間使用短小簡易的句子,於是必須藉由高超的文法技巧把多個短小句濃縮為一個複雜長難句。
***學術句子常用的高級文法
1.現在分詞片語代替一個主動式的關係子句;
2.過去分詞片語代替一個被動式的關係子句;
3. 多個子句層層堆疊;
4.以現在分詞和過去分詞樣貌呈現為形容詞使用;
5.介係詞後常使用動名詞來帶出一個子句;
6.常有較長的同位語;
7.常有名詞子句當主結構的主詞或受詞;
8.常有對等連接詞連結兩個或三個主詞、主詞子句,受詞、受詞子句,動詞、動詞片語,形容詞、當形容詞用的關係子句,不定詞、動名詞、介係詞。
***結構破解示範(StructureAnalysis)例句
It was somewhat out of desperation that the poorest and weakest Christian monarchs on the very verge of Europe, fighting with Muslims, jealous of the Islamic world's monopoly on trade, and keen to spread their religion, began looking for routes to Africa and Asia that wouldn't requiring sailing across the Mediterranean.
***排列為比較容易理解閱讀的方式
It was somewhat out of desperation
that
the poorest and weakest Christian monarchs
on the very verge of Europe,
fighting with Muslims,
jealous of the Islamic world's monopoly on trade,
and keen to spread their religion,
began looking for routes to Africa and Asia
that wouldn't requiring sailing across the Mediterranean.
***分解為原初的各個短小句
1. It was somewhat out of desperation.
2. It was that.
3. The poorest and weakest Christian monarchs began looking for routes to Africa and Asia.
4. That wouldn't requiring sailing across the Mediterranean
4. The poorest and weakest Christian monarchs were on the verge of Europe.
5.The poorest and weakest Christian monarchs were fighting with Muslims.
6. The poorest and weakest Christian monarchs were jealous of the Islamic world's monopoly on trade.
7. And The poorest and weakest Christian monarchs were keen to spread their religion.
6個字的這個短小句子是主結構 (主句)。不論整個句子多長多複雜,一定要先把主句找出來,如果找不出來就掛了,絕對讀不懂。
***參考譯文
歐洲最貧弱的基督教君王開始尋找不用航行穿越地中海而通往非洲與亞洲的航路度,多多少少是出於絕望。他們位處歐洲邊緣,正與穆斯林作戰,對伊斯蘭世界壟斷貿易感到嫉妒,又急於傳揚他們的宗教。
**補充說明
1. 一開始的 It 是假主詞。真主詞是第一個 that 帶出的名詞子句。
2. 第二個 that 帶出的是一個當作形容詞來使用的關係子句。
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***雙語實驗高中學生,直接申請美英大學而希望托福與雅思考試高分者,尤其適合。除了數理化生之外,其他人文與社會所有科目全包。
上課目的:英語文程度拉拔至少二到三個級數,達到雅思閱讀 7.5-8.5,雅思寫作 7.5-8.5;托福總分達到112,托福閱讀 27-30;英檢高級初試-複試及格,鍛鍊在國內外碩博士班學術閱讀寫作高強能力。
上課方式:每堂90分鐘,中間不休息。
學生基本程度:英檢中高級初試及格,或雅思閱讀 6.5以上,或托福閱讀 21以上。程度未達標者,可能會聽不懂講解。
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