對泰國王權的批評 152 個英文字一句話 學術型超複雜文法結構長難句破解示範
【丁連財的英文學術型超複雜文法結構長難句破解示範】【大幅提升英文閱讀與寫作能力必經的訓練過程】附有●文法解析●參考翻譯●適合英檢中高級複試及格以上／雅思閱讀7.0以上／托福閱讀24以上
152個英文字一句學術型超複雜文法結構長難句，批評泰國君主制。
***結構破解示範（Structure Analysis）例句
A rich literature of criticism of Thailand's monarchy, whose newly throned king Vajiralongkorn, a playboy notorious for wasting national treasury on personal indulgence in banqueting, womanizing, and showing off extravaganzas of his royal guards, and an irresponsible ruler discredited for escaping from the COVID-19 infected and inflicted people to a six-star luxury hotel at a reclusive mountainous area in Switzerland, deems himself a god worshipped by all the Thais in Thailand as well as the ethnic-Thai communities in Southern China, Myanmar, Laos, and Cambodia, demands unquestioned adulation, provides political covers for repressive forces, in particular the authoritarian generals who take pleasure in launching coups, seizing power and ruling by a military junta, and imposes legal sanction on the nationals who resist, including the popularly elected prime ministers, thrives outside the country, where critical postings on social media have earned unsuspecting critics jail time at home or exile abroad under Lèse-majesté, a criminal offence against the dignity of the king.
***學術句子常用的高級文法
1. 現在分詞片語代替一個主動式的關係子句；
2. 過去分詞片語代替一個被動式的關係子句；
3. 多個子句層層堆疊；
4. 以現在分詞和過去分詞樣貌呈現為形容詞使用；
5. 介係詞後常使用動名詞來帶出一個子句；
6. 常有較長的同位語；
7. 常有名詞子句當主結構的主詞或受詞；
8. 常有對等連接詞連結兩個或三個主詞、主詞子句，受詞、受詞子句，動詞、動詞片語，形容詞、當形容詞用的關係子句，不定詞、動名詞、介係詞。
152個英文字一句話 學術型超複雜文法結構長難句 敘述對泰國王權的批評
***結構破解示範（Structure Analysis）例句
A rich literature of criticism of Thailand's monarchy, whose newly throned king Vajiralongkorn, a playboy notorious for wasting national treasury on personal indulgence in banqueting, womanizing, and showing off extravaganzas of his royal guards, and an irresponsible ruler discredited for escaping from the COVID-19 infected and inflicted people to a six-star luxury hotel at a reclusive mountainous area in Switzerland, deems himself a god worshipped by all the Thais in Thailand as well as the ethnic-Thai communities in Southern China, Myanmar, Laos, and Cambodia, demands unquestioned adulation, provides political covers for repressive forces, in particular the authoritarian generals who take pleasure in launching coups, seizing power and ruling by a military junta, and imposes legal sanction on the nationals who resist, including the popularly elected prime ministers, thrives outside the country, where critical postings on social media have earned unsuspecting critics jail time at home or exile abroad under Lèse-majesté, a criminal offence against the dignity of the king.
A rich literature of criticism of Thailand's monarchy,
whose newly throned king Vajiralongkorn,
a playboy
notorious for wasting national treasury
on personal indulgence
in banqueting, womanizing, and showing off extravganzas of his royal guards,
and an irresponsible ruler
discredited for escaping from the COVID-19 infected and inflicted people
to a six-star luxury hotel
at a reclusive mountainous area
in Switzerland,
deems himself a god
worshipped by all the Thais in Thailand
as well as the ethnic-Thai communities in Southern China, Myanmar, Laos, and Cambodia,
demands unquestioned adulation,
provides political covers for repressive forces,
in particular the authoritarian generals
who take pleasure in launching coups, seizing power and ruling by a military junta,
and imposes legal sanction on the nationals
who resist,
including the popularly elected prime ministers,
thrives outside the country,
where critical postings on social media have earned unsuspecting critics
jail time at home or exile abroad
under Lèse-majesté,
a criminal offence against the dignity of the king.
***分解為原初的各個短小句
1. A rich literature of criticism of Thailand's monarchy thrives outside the country.
只有12個字的這個短小句子是主結構（主句）。不論整個句子多長多複雜，一定要先把主句找出來，如果找不出來就掛了，絕對讀不懂。
2. In the country critical postings on social media have earned unsuspecting critics jail time at home or exile abroad under Lèse-majesté.
3. Lèse-majesté is a criminal offence against the dignity of the king.
4. The king Vajiralongkorn of Thailand's monarchy was newly throned.
5. The king is a playboy.
6. The playboy is notorious for wasting national treasury on personal indulgence in banqueting, womanizing, and showing off extravaganzas of his royal guards.
7. And the king is an irresponsible ruler.
8. The ruler is discredited for escaping from the COVID-19 infected and inflicted people to a six-star luxury hotel at a reclusive mountainous area in Switzerland.
9. The king Vajiralongkorn deems himself a god.
10. The god is worshipped by all the Thais in Thailand as well as the ethnic-Thai communities in Southern China, Myanmar, Laos, and Cambodia.
11. The king Vajiralongkorn demands unquestioned adulation.
12. The king Vajiralongkorn provides covers for repressive forces, in particular the authoritarian generals.
13. The generals take pleasure in launching coups, siezing power, and ruling by a military junta.
14. And the king Vajiralongkorn imposes legal sanction on the nationals.
15. The nationals resist.
16. The nationals include the popularly elected prime ministers.
***長難句組合寫作練習（Composition，不要看例句，藉由譯文與文法將前述16個短小句子組合回原來的長句）
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***例句參考翻譯（翻譯沒有標準答案，只有正誤與優劣）
A rich literature of criticism of Thailand's monarchy, whose newly throned king Vajiralongkorn, a playboy notorious for wasting national treasury on personal indulgence in banqueting, womanizing, and showing off extravaganzas of his royal guards, and an irresponsible ruler discredited for escaping from the COVID-19 infected and inflicted people to a six-star luxury hotel at a reclusive mountainous area in Switzerland, deems himself a god worshipped by all the Thais in Thailand as well as the ethnic-Thai communities in Southern China, Myanmar, Laos, and Cambodia, demands unquestioned adulation, provides political covers for repressive forces, in particular the authoritarian generals who take pleasure in launching coups, seizing power and ruling by a military junta, and imposes legal sanction on the nationals who resist, including the popularly elected prime ministers, thrives outside the country, where critical postings on social media have earned unsuspecting critics jail time at home or exile abroad under Lèse-majesté, a criminal offence against the dignity of the king.
在國外，有很多批判泰國君主制的文獻；在國內，批評者漫不經心在社交媒體貼文批評，會根據冒犯國王威嚴的『大不敬罪』招來坐牢或流亡海外。泰王瓦吉拉隆功是登基不久而且惡名昭彰的紈褲子弟。他耗費公帑在大吃大喝、玩弄女性、炫耀禁警衛軍的鋪張華麗。他也是不負責任的統治者，避開感染新冠肺炎而受苦的人民，躲到位於瑞士僻靜高山地區一家奢華六星級大飯店，因而失去威信。泰王自視為神，受泰國全體人民與中國南部、緬甸、寮國、柬埔寨的傣族社群崇拜；他要求不容置疑的讚美；他提供政治掩護給鎮壓人民的勢力，尤其是樂在發動政變、奪權，並以軍事執政團進行統治的威權作風將領；泰王還對包括民選總理在內的國民反抗者施加法律制裁，
***補充說明
基於統治者與被統治者的關係，政治學者提出『極權』（totalitarianism）、『威權』（authoritarianism）、『民主』（democracy）等分析概念，處理與政治有關的書籍或文章翻譯，應該交給具備政治學知識的譯者。翻譯絕對不是靠著字典與維基中文百科就可以解決的，台灣譯者不論學歷多高、身分地位多顯赫，絕大多數不及格。本句中的 authoritarian generals 的 authoritarian，指的就是 authoritarianism（威權統治），不可隨意找個一般英漢字典就譯成『權威』專制』、『獨裁』。
參見筆者專文：
1.政治學常識
別弄錯政治用語翻譯 丁連財15分鐘政治常識講義(關鍵詞附英文) 不需要就讀政治系或苦讀政治學
2.不懂軍事者翻譯帶有軍事相關內容書籍的悲慘下場
軍事用語在台灣媒體與書籍常常胡亂翻譯 以《共產元年 1917》譯本為例
3.不懂中國近現代史翻譯中國近現代史書籍的悲慘下場
愛丁堡大學翻譯研究碩士翻譯《滾出中國》 結果滾出了其程度不佳的真相 白癡翻譯大賽入圍
4.不懂美國史翻譯美國史書籍的悲慘下場
哈佛吐血 中冊《 真理的史詩》（美國史）譯本錯譯亂譯一大堆 博士英文程度低劣而且知識根基薄弱
5.不懂宗教者翻譯宗教書籍的悲慘下場
曠世奇爛譯本《人的宗教--人類偉大的宗教傳統》批判負五星級翻譯與審訂 另加書評書介 優質英文原著被惡搞
***翻譯基本概念
翻譯首先是確保完全正確了解英文，包括單字、片語、文法，以及內容涉及的知識。翻譯最基本的要求是『正確無誤』，亦即『信實』；然後，必須朗讀確認是否合乎中文語法，亦即『通順』。台灣很多表面看起來通順的翻譯，其實『不信實』，刻意增刪、竄改、扭曲原文，甚至有些根本不是翻譯，而是胡亂改寫。
絕大多數的紙本與網路英漢字辭典，不論字詞、定義、片語習語、例句…的收納數量都不足，而且有很多錯誤。有疑問時，最好的幫手是量多質精的特大英英字辭典，以及各學科專業字辭典。
參見筆者專文：
談翻譯基本概念以及如何判斷翻譯對錯 台灣有太多譯者連基本概念都沒有 難怪劣質譯本滿缸滿盆滿街
師大翻譯研究所博士搞出白癡翻譯錯譯亂譯+大出版社聯○合作出版品質爛劣譯作 提供改善之建議
劍橋和耶魯都被矇了 學歷崩盤 博士錯譯亂譯漏譯嚴重的爛劣譯本 從不要迷信博士到根本就不要相信博士
東方主義 中譯本鬧大笑話 六位博士碩士翻譯 三位大博士大學者大教授審閱校訂 一蹋糊塗
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