貓學（Ailurology）

 貓學（Ailurology）

● 字源

「貓學」對應英文為 Ailurology，源自希臘文 ailouros（貓）與 -logia（研究），字面意思為「研究貓之學」。此學科研究貓的行為、認知、溝通與人貓關係，涵蓋動物行為學與比較心理學。

● 例句

Not until ailurology, which scholars define as the scientific study of cats and their behavior, had matured as a discipline did researchers recognize that cats, though long dismissed as aloof, can distinguish their owners' voices from strangers' in several independent controlled experiments, a capacity that dogs, even when tested under identical conditions, display more conspicuously, and one that investigators, who had formerly attributed it to mere conditioning, now cautiously ascribe to social bonds that, if the emerging evidence is to be trusted, developed during centuries of close cohabitation.

（約 90 字）

● 排列為比較容易閱讀的方式

Not until ailurology,

which scholars define as the scientific study of cats and their behavior,

had matured as a discipline

did researchers recognize

that cats,

though long dismissed as aloof,

can distinguish their owners' voices from strangers' in several independent controlled experiments,

a capacity

that dogs,

even when tested under identical conditions,

display more conspicuously,

and one

that investigators,

who had formerly attributed it to mere conditioning,

now cautiously ascribe to social bonds

that,

if the emerging evidence is to be trusted,

developed during centuries of close cohabitation.

● 分解為原初的短小句

Researchers did not recognize the finding until ailurology had matured as a discipline.（Not until 倒裝還原後的主幹。）

Scholars define ailurology as the scientific study of cats and their behavior.（which 引導之非限定性關係子句，define A as B。）

Cats can distinguish their owners' voices from strangers' in several independent controlled experiments.（recognize 之受詞 that 子句主幹。）

Cats have long been dismissed as aloof.（though 引導之讓步片語還原，現在完成被動。）

Dogs display the capacity more conspicuously.（a capacity that 引導之限定性關係子句，that 作 display 之受詞。）

Dogs are tested under identical conditions.（even when 引導之省略式讓步子句，被動語態。）

Investigators now cautiously ascribe the capacity to social bonds.（and one that 引導之第二個關係子句，ascribe A to B。）

Investigators had formerly attributed it to mere conditioning.（who 引導之非限定性關係子句，過去完成式。）

Social bonds developed during centuries of close cohabitation.（bonds that 引導之關係子句主幹。）

The emerging evidence is to be trusted.（if 條件子句還原，be to V。）

● 文法解析

Not until 倒裝（Not until + S + had + p.p. + did + S + V ...）：

Not until 引導的子句置於句首，主句隨之倒裝為 did researchers recognize。還原後為 Researchers did not recognize ... until ailurology had matured。句首子句為過去完成式，表示學科成熟在先，研究者有所認識在後。

插入式非限定性關係子句（ailurology, which ..., had matured）：

which 子句插在主詞 ailurology 與動詞 had matured 之間，把主詞與動詞拉開。define A as B 為「將 A 定義為 B」。

同位語 that 子句與讓步片語插入（recognize that cats, though long dismissed as aloof, can distinguish ...）：

that 子句作 recognize 的受詞。though long dismissed 為省略主詞與 be 動詞的讓步片語，插在 cats 與 can 之間。strangers' 為所有格代名詞，省略了 voices。

並列同位語與兩個關係子句（a capacity that dogs, ..., display ..., and one that investigators, ..., ascribe to ...）：

a capacity 與 one 並列，同為前面整個 that 子句的同位語。第一個 that 作 display 的受詞，even when tested 為省略式讓步子句。第二個 one 指代 capacity，that 作 ascribe 的受詞，who 子句再插入主詞與動詞之間。

條件子句插入與 be to V（social bonds that, if the emerging evidence is to be trusted, developed ...）：

that 為 bonds 之關係代名詞，作 developed 的主詞。if 子句以 be to V 表達「若要被信賴」的條件，再接主動詞 developed，並以 during centuries of close cohabitation 收束全句。

● 參考譯文

直到貓學（學者將其定義為對貓及其行為的科學研究）發展成熟為一門學科，研究者才認識到：貓雖長期被視為冷漠，卻能在數項獨立的對照實驗中分辨主人與陌生人的聲音，這項能力，即使在相同條件下受測，狗的表現也更為明顯，而這項能力，先前將其歸因於單純制約的研究者，如今則謹慎地歸因於社會連結，倘若新近證據可信，這些連結形成於數百年的親密共居之中。

● 補充說明

句型亮點與文法變化：

Not until 倒裝： 異於前幾篇的 Should、Were...to、Only after、Had、Nowhere、Not only 與 Seldom，本篇改用 Not until 引導的倒裝，句首以過去完成式子句帶出，句型有新意。

不使用分號： 全句僅以 which、that、though、even when、who、if 等連接詞與關係詞層層推進，單一主幹貫穿到底。

多重插入： 主詞 ailurology 與動詞 had matured 之間、cats 與 can distinguish 之間、dogs 與 display 之間、investigators 與 ascribe 之間、that 與 developed 之間，共有五處插入。

並列同位語收束： a capacity ... and one ... 兩個關係子句並列，再以條件插入與主動詞收尾。

核心學術字彙與文法重點總結：

關鍵字詞： Ailurology（貓學）、Aloof（冷漠的）、Conditioning（制約）、Cohabitation（共居）、Ascribe A to B（將 A 歸因於 B）、Attribute A to B（將 A 歸因於 B）、Emerging（新興的）、Independent（獨立的）、Discipline（學科）。

文法重點： Not until 倒裝、非限定性關係子句、同位語 that 子句、though 與 even when 省略式讓步、關係代名詞作受詞、並列同位語、if it is to be trusted（be to V）、過去完成式。

一點小提醒： 參考譯文為求順暢，已調整部分分句順序。另外，Ailurology 較少見，英文中也常用 feline behavior studies 或 felinology 指涉相近領域。

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