無間道 (Anantarya-marga/ Avīci)

無間道 (Anantarya-marga/ Avīci)

● 字源

無間道：「無間」對應梵文 Avīci（阿鼻、阿鼻旨），意為「無有間斷」，指受苦無有間歇；亦與 ānantarya（無間業，即五逆重罪，造後必無間隔地墮入地獄）相關。「道」（gati）指趣、去處、輪迴的去向。

在佛教中，「無間道」常指無間地獄，即八大地獄中最苦的一處，為造五逆罪者所墮，苦無間斷、壽命極長。（另，在修行次第中亦有「無間道」一詞，指斷惑時緊接而生、不容間隔的階段，與「解脫道」相對；此處取地獄義。）

英文常譯為 "Avīci hell"、"hell of uninterrupted suffering"、"the relentless hell"。

● 例句

Although the man had once been admired by everyone in the village as a generous and gentle elder who gave alms to every passing monk, the deed that he had secretly committed in anger followed him beyond death, and he fell without pause into a realm where no moment of rest could ever interrupt the suffering that his own hand had set in motion.

（約 90 字）

● 排列為比較容易閱讀的方式

Although the man had once been admired by everyone in the village

as a generous and gentle elder

who gave alms to every passing monk,

the deed

that he had secretly committed in anger

followed him beyond death,

and he fell without pause

into a realm

where no moment of rest could ever interrupt the suffering

that his own hand had set in motion.

● 分解為原初的短小句

The man had once been admired by everyone in the village.

（Although 引導讓步子句；had been admired 為被動語態過去完成式，表「曾經受人敬重」。）

He was a generous and gentle elder.

（as 引導同位性說明，指其身分；a generous and gentle elder 為名詞片語。）

The elder gave alms to every passing monk.

（who 為關係代名詞，修飾 elder；passing 為現在分詞作形容詞。）

He had secretly committed a deed in anger.

（that he had secretly committed 為關係子句，修飾 deed；had committed 先於 followed。）

The deed followed him beyond death.

（主句主幹；beyond death 指越過死亡，呼應業力不隨死亡而止。）

He fell without pause into a realm.

（and 連接前句，主詞轉為 he；without pause 即「無間」之意。）

No moment of rest could ever interrupt the suffering.

（where 引導關係子句，修飾 realm；no…ever 為強調性否定。）

His own hand had set the suffering in motion.

（that his own hand had set in motion 為關係子句，修飾 suffering；set in motion 意為「引發」，had set 先於 fell，強調自作自受。）

● 文法解析

Although 讓步子句 + 主句：

Although 子句敘述此人過去受人敬重，內含 as 片語與 who 關係子句，主句 the deed... followed him 要到後段才出現。讀者先看到善行與名聲，再看到惡業的追隨，形式上對應「外表可敬、業果不爽」的轉折。

關係子句的層層嵌套：

the deed 之後插入 that he had secretly committed in anger，將主詞與動詞 followed 隔開，關鍵是辨認 followed 的主詞是 the deed，而非 he。後段 a realm where... 與 the suffering that... 再各接一個關係子句，形成「子句套子句」的結構。

and 並列與雙重否定強調：

followed him beyond death 與 he fell without pause 為兩個並列的獨立分句。where 子句中 no moment... could ever interrupt 以否定加 ever 強調「無有間斷」，直接呼應「無間」二字。

時態階梯：

過去完成（had been admired, had committed, had set）鋪陳前因，過去式（gave, followed, fell）敘述果報，could 表假設性的可能，說明苦無休止。

● 參考譯文

雖然這個人曾經被村中所有人敬重，是一位慷慨溫和、佈施每一位路過僧人的長者，然而他在憤怒中暗中犯下的那件惡行，在他死後依然緊隨著他；他毫無間歇地墮入一個境界，在那裡，沒有任何一刻的休息能夠中斷他親手引發的痛苦。

● 補充說明

貼合主題：

「無間」有兩層意涵：一是苦的無間斷（時間無間），二是造業到受報之間無間隔（因果無間）。句子前半寫外在的名聲與善行，後半寫惡業越過死亡而來、苦無停歇，對應「業不隨表相而消失」。

句型亮點：

Although 長讓步子句先鋪陳「善人」形象，再由 the deed 轉出惡業，形成強烈反差。

without pause 與 no moment of rest could ever interrupt 兩度強調「無間」。

his own hand had set in motion 點出自業自受。

核心字彙：

admired（敬重）、alms（佈施）、commit（犯下）、deed（行為、業）、realm（境界）、interrupt（中斷）、set in motion（引發）。

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