台灣國際地位未定論

 【長難句破解示範】台灣國際地位未定論

●例句（120 words）

Some scholars of international law who advance the theory of Taiwan's undetermined status, a doctrine rooted in the San Francisco Peace Treaty, by which Japan, having been defeated in 1945 and having occupied the island since 1895, renounced all right, title, and claim to it without designating a recipient, contend that, because neither the Cairo Declaration, a wartime communiqué lacking the binding force of a treaty, nor the Treaty of Taipei, which was concluded between Japan and the Republic of China in 1952 and which merely restated that renunciation, conferred sovereignty on any named state, the island's legal status remains formally unsettled, a conclusion that Beijing, insisting that Taiwan has belonged to China since ancient times, firmly and categorically rejects.

●排列為比較容易閱讀的方式

Some scholars

of international law

who advance the theory of Taiwan's undetermined status,

a doctrine rooted in the San Francisco Peace Treaty,

by which

Japan,

having been defeated in 1945

and having occupied the island since 1895,

renounced all right, title, and claim to it

without designating a recipient,

contend that,

because

neither the Cairo Declaration,

a wartime communiqué lacking the binding force of a treaty,

nor the Treaty of Taipei,

which was concluded between Japan and the Republic of China in 1952

and which merely restated that renunciation,

conferred sovereignty on any named state,

the island's legal status remains formally unsettled,

a conclusion

that Beijing,

insisting that Taiwan has belonged to China since ancient times,

firmly and categorically rejects.

●分解為原初的短小句

Some scholars contend that Taiwan's legal status remains formally unsettled.（主結構，11字。主詞 scholars，動詞 contend，受詞是 that 名詞子句。先找出它，其餘都是修飾。）

The scholars are scholars of international law.

The scholars advance the theory of Taiwan's undetermined status.

The theory is a doctrine rooted in the San Francisco Peace Treaty.

Japan was defeated in 1945.

Japan had occupied the island since 1895.

In the treaty, Japan renounced all right, title, and claim to the island.

Japan did not designate a recipient.

The Cairo Declaration was a wartime communiqué lacking the binding force of a treaty.

The Treaty of Taipei was concluded between Japan and the Republic of China in 1952.

The Treaty of Taipei merely restated that renunciation.

Neither document conferred sovereignty on any named state.

Beijing insists that Taiwan has belonged to China since ancient times.

Beijing firmly and categorically rejects the scholars' conclusion.

●文法解析

主句：Some scholars…contend that…。中間夾了超長插入結構，要跳到 contend 才看得到動詞。

who advance…：關係子句修飾 scholars，後面接同位語 a doctrine…。

by which Japan…renounced：介係詞加關係代名詞，修飾 Treaty。having been defeated 與 having occupied 是完成式分詞片語，用 and 對等連接，表示早於主要動詞的先前背景。

without designating：介係詞後接動名詞。

contend that, because…：that 名詞子句的內部又塞進 because 副詞子句，也就是子句層層堆疊。

neither…nor…：對等連接兩個主詞，動詞 conferred 在很遠處才出現。

which…and which…：兩個並列的非限定關係子句，修飾 Treaty of Taipei。

a conclusion that Beijing…rejects：同位語加關係子句，that 是 rejects 的受詞（關係代名詞）。insisting that… 是現在分詞片語，代替主動式關係子句。

●參考譯文

一些國際法學者倡議台灣地位未定論，這個學說根基於《舊金山和約》。依該和約，日本在1945年戰敗，且自1895年起占領該島，因而放棄對台灣的一切權利、權利名義與要求，卻未指定接收者。這些學者主張，由於《開羅宣言》（一份缺乏條約拘束力的戰時公報）與1952年日本和中華民國締結的《台北和約》（僅重申日本的放棄）都沒有把主權賦予任何指名的國家，所以台灣的法律地位在形式上仍未確定。北京堅稱台灣自古屬於中國，斷然全盤否定這個結論。

●補充說明

renounce 是放棄、聲明拋棄。right, title, and claim 是條約法律文書的固定三連詞，title 在此指「權利名義」，不是標題。

communiqué 指公報，是政治聲明，通常不具條約效力。

undetermined / unsettled 是學術用語，指「未定」。

這是一派學說的論述。中華人民共和國與中華民國政府各有不同的法律解釋，國際學界也有爭議，句中已用 contend、insisting 等動詞標示各方立場，學術寫作應保持這種歸屬。

●長難句組合寫作練習

不看例句，用譯文與上列14個短句組合回原來的長句：

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