大航海時代的台灣

 【長難句破解示範】大航海時代的台灣

●例句

The island of Taiwan, known to Portuguese sailors who passed along its coast in the 1540s and named by them Ilha Formosa, the "beautiful island", remained peripheral to European ambitions until 1624, when the Dutch East India Company, having been expelled from the Pescadores by Ming forces and seeking a base from which it could trade with both China and Japan, established a fortress at Tainan, which, together with the Spanish settlements in the north that were seized in 1642, enabled European merchants to export deerskins and sugar that indigenous hunters and Han migrants, whom the Company encouraged to cultivate the plains, produced for markets across East Asia, until Koxinga, a Ming loyalist driven out of the mainland by the Qing, expelled the Dutch in 1662.

●排列為比較容易閱讀的方式

The island of Taiwan,

known to Portuguese sailors

who passed along its coast in the 1540s

and named by them Ilha Formosa, the "beautiful island",

remained peripheral to European ambitions

until 1624,

when

the Dutch East India Company,

having been expelled from the Pescadores by Ming forces

and seeking a base

from which it could trade with both China and Japan,

established a fortress at Tainan,

which,

together with the Spanish settlements in the north

that were seized in 1642,

enabled European merchants to export deerskins and sugar

that indigenous hunters and Han migrants,

whom the Company encouraged to cultivate the plains,

produced for markets across East Asia,

until

Koxinga,

a Ming loyalist

driven out of the mainland by the Qing,

expelled the Dutch in 1662.

●分解為原初的短小句

The island of Taiwan remained peripheral to European ambitions until 1624.（主結構，11字。主詞 island，動詞 remained，補語 peripheral。必須先找到它。）

The island was known to Portuguese sailors.

The Portuguese sailors passed along its coast in the 1540s.

The sailors named the island Ilha Formosa.

Ilha Formosa means "beautiful island".

In 1624 the Dutch East India Company established a fortress at Tainan.

Ming forces had expelled the Company from the Pescadores.

The Company sought a base.

From the base it could trade with both China and Japan.

The fortress, together with the Spanish settlements, enabled European merchants to export deerskins and sugar.

The Spanish settlements were in the north.

The Dutch seized the Spanish settlements in 1642.

Indigenous hunters and Han migrants produced the deerskins and sugar for markets across East Asia.

The Company encouraged the Han migrants to cultivate the plains.

Koxinga was a Ming loyalist.

The Qing had driven Koxinga out of the mainland.

Koxinga expelled the Dutch in 1662.

●文法解析

主句：The island…remained peripheral。主詞與動詞之間夾了過去分詞片語和關係子句，要跳到 remained 才看到動詞。

known…and named…：兩個過去分詞片語用 and 對等連接，代替被動式關係子句。named them 是「被命名為」的省略寫法。

who passed…：限定關係子句，修飾 sailors。

when the Dutch East India Company…established：when 引導非限定關係子句，修飾 1624。having been expelled 是被動完成式分詞片語，表示先前發生。seeking 是現在分詞片語，代替主動式關係子句。

a base from which it could trade：介係詞加關係代名詞。

which, together with…, enabled：非限定關係子句，修飾 fortress，中間再插入 that 關係子句。

deerskins and sugar that…produced：關係子句，內部又嵌入 whom 關係子句，是層層堆疊。

encouraged…to cultivate：encourage 接受詞加不定詞。

until Koxinga…expelled：until 副詞子句，a Ming loyalist 是同位語，driven out 是過去分詞片語。

●參考譯文

台灣島在1540年代為沿岸航行的葡萄牙水手所知，他們稱之為「福爾摩沙」，意即美麗之島，但直到1624年，台灣對歐洲的野心而言仍屬邊陲。那一年，荷蘭東印度公司被明軍逐出澎湖，尋找可同時與中國和日本貿易的據點，遂在台南建造要塞。這座要塞連同1642年被荷蘭奪取的北部西班牙據點，使歐洲商人得以出口鹿皮與蔗糖。這些產品由原住民獵人與漢人移民生產，後者受公司鼓勵開墾平原，產品銷往東亞各地，直到被清朝逐出大陸的明朝忠臣鄭成功於1662年驅逐荷蘭人。

●補充說明

Ilha Formosa 是葡萄牙語，意為「美麗之島」。

Dutch East India Company 即 VOC，荷蘭文縮寫，是史上最早的股份公司之一。

Pescadores 是澎湖的西方舊稱。

loyalist 指效忠舊政權者。

peripheral 指邊緣的、次要的。

●長難句組合寫作練習

不看例句，用譯文與上列17個短句組合回原來的長句：

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