片面離婚 無過失離婚 兩願離婚

第一句：片面離婚 unilateral divorce（89 字）

In comparative studies of divorce law, the unilateral divorces permitting one spouse to end a marriage without the partner's consent and shortening the waiting periods required for judicial review were legal procedures that were expanded by liberalizing family codes, which were either welcomed as safeguards for people trapped in abusive marriages or criticized by lawmakers who were worried that easy exits weakened commitment, thereby protecting individual autonomy by removing veto power from reluctant spouses and reshaping bargaining positions that had long favored the party resisting separation across modern jurisdictions.

1. 結構破解

In comparative studies of divorce law,

the unilateral divorces

permitting one spouse to end a marriage without the partner's consent

and shortening the waiting periods required for judicial review

were legal procedures

that were expanded by liberalizing family codes,

which were either welcomed as safeguards for people trapped in abusive marriages

or criticized by lawmakers

who were worried that easy exits weakened commitment,

thereby protecting individual autonomy

by removing veto power from reluctant spouses

and reshaping bargaining positions

that had long favored the party resisting separation

across modern jurisdictions.

2. 分解為短句

In comparative studies of divorce law, the unilateral divorces were legal procedures.（主句骨架）

The divorces permitted one spouse to end a marriage without the partner's consent and shortened the waiting periods required for judicial review.

The procedures were expanded by liberalizing family codes.

The procedures were either welcomed as safeguards for people trapped in abusive marriages or criticized by lawmakers.

The lawmakers were worried that easy exits weakened commitment.

This protected individual autonomy by removing veto power from reluctant spouses and reshaping bargaining positions across modern jurisdictions.

The positions had long favored the party resisting separation.

3. 參考譯文

在離婚法的比較研究中，允許一方在未經對方同意下終止婚姻、並縮短司法審查所需等待期的片面離婚，是由自由化的家庭法典所擴大的法律程序；這些程序若非被歡迎為受困於施虐婚姻者的保障，就是受到擔憂輕易退出會削弱承諾的立法者所批評，從而藉由剝奪不情願配偶的否決權，並重整長期偏袒抗拒分居一方的談判地位，在現代法域中保護了個人自主。

4. 組合寫作練習（請勿看例句，嘗試將短句組回原長句）

5. 補充說明

permitting / shortening：現在分詞片語，取代 which permitted... and shortened...

permit A to + V：允許 A 做……

unilateral：「單方的、片面的」，uni（一）＋ lateral（側）

be worried that + 子句：擔憂……

safeguard：「保障」；autonomy：「自主」

veto power：「否決權」；bargaining position：「談判地位」

be trapped in：「受困於」；jurisdiction：「法域」

第二句：無過失離婚 no-fault divorce（82 字）

In legal histories of family reform, the no-fault divorces allowing couples to dissolve marriages on grounds of irretrievable breakdown and sparing them from proving adultery or cruelty in court were statutory remedies that were adopted by reform-minded legislatures, which were either praised for reducing hostility and perjury or blamed by traditionalists who were convinced that casual separations undermined family stability, thereby shifting courts from assigning blame to dividing property and protecting children's interests across jurisdictions that had long demanded proof of misconduct.

1. 結構破解

In legal histories of family reform,

the no-fault divorces

allowing couples to dissolve marriages on grounds of irretrievable breakdown

and sparing them from proving adultery or cruelty in court

were statutory remedies

that were adopted by reform-minded legislatures,

which were either praised for reducing hostility and perjury

or blamed by traditionalists

who were convinced that casual separations undermined family stability,

thereby shifting courts from assigning blame to dividing property

and protecting children's interests

across jurisdictions

that had long demanded proof of misconduct.

2. 分解為短句

In legal histories of family reform, the no-fault divorces were statutory remedies.（主句骨架）

The divorces allowed couples to dissolve marriages on grounds of irretrievable breakdown and spared them from proving adultery or cruelty in court.

The remedies were adopted by reform-minded legislatures.

The remedies were either praised for reducing hostility and perjury or blamed by traditionalists.

The traditionalists were convinced that casual separations undermined family stability.

This shifted courts from assigning blame to dividing property and protecting children's interests across jurisdictions.

The jurisdictions had long demanded proof of misconduct.

3. 參考譯文

在家庭改革的法律史中，允許夫妻以婚姻無可挽回的破裂為由解除婚姻、並使他們免於在法庭上證明通姦或虐待的無過失離婚，是由改革派立法機關所採行的成文法補救措施；這些措施若非因減少敵意與偽證而受稱讚，就是受到深信隨意分居會損害家庭穩定的傳統主義者所責難，從而在長期要求證明不當行為的法域中，使法院由追究過錯轉向分配財產並保護子女利益。

4. 組合寫作練習（請勿看例句，嘗試將短句組回原長句）

5. 補充說明

allowing / sparing：現在分詞片語，取代 which allowed... and spared...

allow A to + V：允許 A 做……；spare A from + V-ing：使 A 免於……（from 為介系詞）

no-fault：「無過失的」；irretrievable breakdown：「無可挽回的破裂」

be convinced that + 子句：深信……

statutory：「成文法的」；remedy：「補救措施」

perjury：「偽證」；misconduct：「不當行為」

shift A from B to C：使 A 由 B 轉向 C（B、C 皆接動名詞）

第三句：兩願離婚 mutual-consent divorce（85 字）

In practical guides to family mediation, the mutual-consent divorces requiring both spouses to agree on separation and encouraging them to settle custody and property terms before registration were cooperative arrangements that were favored by administrative agencies, which were either valued for saving time and expense or questioned by advocates who were concerned that unequal partners might accept unfair terms under social pressure, thereby simplifying legal procedures by relying on voluntary agreements and exposing vulnerabilities that had long been hidden within private negotiations across many societies.

1. 結構破解

In practical guides to family mediation,

the mutual-consent divorces

requiring both spouses to agree on separation

and encouraging them to settle custody and property terms before registration

were cooperative arrangements

that were favored by administrative agencies,

which were either valued for saving time and expense

or questioned by advocates

who were concerned that unequal partners might accept unfair terms under social pressure,

thereby simplifying legal procedures

by relying on voluntary agreements

and exposing vulnerabilities

that had long been hidden within private negotiations

across many societies.

2. 分解為短句

In practical guides to family mediation, the mutual-consent divorces were cooperative arrangements.（主句骨架）

The divorces required both spouses to agree on separation and encouraged them to settle custody and property terms before registration.

The arrangements were favored by administrative agencies.

The arrangements were either valued for saving time and expense or questioned by advocates.

The advocates were concerned that unequal partners might accept unfair terms under social pressure.

This simplified legal procedures by relying on voluntary agreements and exposed vulnerabilities across many societies.

The vulnerabilities had long been hidden within private negotiations.

3. 參考譯文

在家事調解的實務指南中，要求雙方同意分開、並鼓勵他們在登記前議定監護與財產條件的兩願離婚，是由行政機關所偏好的合作式安排；這些安排若非因節省時間與費用而受重視，就是受到擔憂地位不對等的伴侶可能迫於社會壓力接受不公條件的倡議者所質疑，從而藉由依賴自願協議來簡化法律程序，並在許多社會中揭露長期隱藏於私下協商中的弱勢處境。

4. 組合寫作練習（請勿看例句，嘗試將短句組回原長句）

5. 補充說明

requiring / encouraging：現在分詞片語，取代 which required... and encouraged...

require A to + V：要求 A 做……；encourage A to + V：鼓勵 A 做……

mutual-consent divorce：「兩願離婚」，即雙方合意離婚（也可說 divorce by mutual consent）

be concerned that + 子句：擔憂……

custody：「監護權」；mediation：「調解」

administrative agency：「行政機關」

vulnerability：「弱勢處境、脆弱性」；voluntary：「自願的」

三句皆沿用原骨架：主句為「名詞＋現在分詞片語＋were＋名詞」，接 that 子句、which were either...or...，最後以 thereby＋V-ing 收尾。