清朝統治下的台灣

 【長難句破解示範】清朝統治下的台灣

●例句（120 words）

Taiwan, which the Qing court, having defeated the Zheng regime in 1683, annexed as a prefecture of Fujian Province after hesitating over whether the island was worth keeping, was governed for two centuries through policies that restricted migration from the mainland, a measure intended to prevent rebellion, but that failed to stop settlers, who crossed the strait illegally and cleared land that indigenous communities had long used, until foreign pressure, intensified by the Japanese expedition of 1874, which exposed the island's vulnerability, and by the French blockade of 1884, persuaded the Qing court to upgrade Taiwan to a province in 1885, an arrangement that lasted barely a decade before the Treaty of Shimonoseki transferred the island to Japan in 1895.

●排列為比較容易閱讀的方式

Taiwan,

which

the Qing court,

having defeated the Zheng regime in 1683,

annexed as a prefecture of Fujian Province

after hesitating over

whether the island was worth keeping,

was governed for two centuries

through policies

that restricted migration from the mainland,

a measure intended to prevent rebellion,

but that failed to stop settlers,

who crossed the strait illegally

and cleared land

that indigenous communities had long used,

until

foreign pressure,

intensified by the Japanese expedition of 1874,

which exposed the island's vulnerability,

and by the French blockade of 1884,

persuaded the Qing court

to upgrade Taiwan to a province in 1885,

an arrangement

that lasted barely a decade

before

the Treaty of Shimonoseki

transferred the island to Japan in 1895.

●分解為原初的短小句

Taiwan was governed for two centuries through policies.（主結構，8字。主詞 Taiwan 之後被 which 子句插入近二十字，要跳到 was governed 才看到動詞。）

The Qing court annexed Taiwan as a prefecture of Fujian Province.

The court had defeated the Zheng regime in 1683.

The court hesitated over whether the island was worth keeping.

The policies restricted migration from the mainland.

The restriction was a measure intended to prevent rebellion.

The policies failed to stop settlers.

The settlers crossed the strait illegally.

The settlers cleared land.

Indigenous communities had long used the land.

Foreign pressure persuaded the Qing court to upgrade Taiwan to a province in 1885.

The Japanese expedition of 1874 intensified the pressure.

The expedition exposed the island's vulnerability.

The French blockade of 1884 also intensified the pressure.

The provincial arrangement lasted barely a decade.

The Treaty of Shimonoseki transferred the island to Japan in 1895.

●文法解析

主句：Taiwan…was governed。受詞位置的關係代名詞 which 在子句內是 annexed 的受詞，所以 which 子句是「清廷併入的」，而不是主句。

having defeated：完成式分詞片語，插在 court 與 annexed 之間，表示更早發生的背景。

after hesitating over whether…：介係詞加動名詞，其後帶出 whether 名詞子句，是介係詞的受詞。

policies that restricted…but that failed…：兩個 that 關係子句用 but 對等連接，修飾同一個 policies。a measure intended… 是同位語，其中 intended 是過去分詞片語。

settlers, who crossed…and cleared land that…：非限定關係子句內有兩個對等動詞，cleared 的受詞 land 又被 that 子句修飾。

until foreign pressure…persuaded：until 副詞子句。pressure 之後插入 intensified by…and by… 兩個並列的被動分詞片語，其中第一個又帶 which 子句。persuaded…to upgrade 是受詞加不定詞。

an arrangement that lasted…before…：同位語加關係子句，後接 before 副詞子句。

●參考譯文

清廷於1683年擊敗鄭氏政權後，在猶豫該島是否值得保有之後，將台灣納為福建省的一個府。此後兩百年，台灣依據限制大陸移民的政策治理，這項措施原為防範叛亂，卻未能阻止移民非法渡海，開墾原住民社群長久使用的土地。直到1874年日本出兵（暴露該島的脆弱）與1884年法軍封鎖，使外來壓力加劇，才促使清廷在1885年將台灣升格為行省。這個安排僅維持不到十年，1895年《馬關條約》便將該島割讓給日本。

●補充說明

annex 指併入、納入版圖。

prefecture 在此指「府」，清代台灣初設一府三縣，隸屬福建省。

Japanese expedition of 1874 指牡丹社事件後日本出兵台灣，促使清廷改變消極治台態度。

French blockade of 1884 指清法戰爭中法軍封鎖並進攻台灣北部。

Treaty of Shimonoseki 即《馬關條約》，1895年簽訂。

●長難句組合寫作練習

不看例句，用譯文與上列16個短句組合回原來的長句

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