台積電的成長與成功 台灣國際地位未定論的爭議 中國對台辦的功能

台積電的成長與成功　台灣國際地位未定論的爭議　中國對台辦的功能　

三句學術型超複雜文法結構長難句分解示範

例句一（台積電的成長與成功）

原句

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, which was founded in 1987 by Morris Chang, a veteran of Texas Instruments who persuaded the Taiwanese government and Philips to finance a firm that would manufacture chips designed by its customers rather than sell products of its own, grew from a modest Hsinchu foundry into the producer of most of the world's most advanced semiconductors, a dominance that its customers, including Apple, Nvidia, and Qualcomm, whose products depend on its ever-smaller process nodes, have reinforced with orders that fund the enormous capital spending required to stay ahead of rivals, and that governments, anxious about the concentration of such capability on one island, have sought to offset by subsidizing fabs in Arizona, Japan, and Germany.

斷行排列

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company,

　which was founded in 1987 by Morris Chang,

　　a veteran of Texas Instruments

　　who persuaded the Taiwanese government and Philips to finance a firm

　　　that would manufacture chips designed by its customers

　　　rather than sell products of its own,

grew from a modest Hsinchu foundry

　into the producer of most of the world's most advanced semiconductors,

　a dominance

　　that its customers,

　　　including Apple, Nvidia, and Qualcomm,

　　　whose products depend on its ever-smaller process nodes,

　　have reinforced with orders

　　　that fund the enormous capital spending

　　　　required to stay ahead of rivals,

　　and that governments,

　　　anxious about the concentration of such capability on one island,

　　have sought to offset

　　　by subsidizing fabs in Arizona, Japan, and Germany.

主句

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company grew from a modest foundry into the producer of most advanced semiconductors.（主詞後先接長長的 which 子句，動詞 grew 要讀很久才出現）

拆成短句

台積電從一家小型的新竹晶圓代工廠成長起來。（主句，grew from）

台積電成長為全球多數最先進半導體的製造者。（into 片語）

台積電成立於 1987 年，創辦人是張忠謀。（which 非限定關係子句，被動語態）

張忠謀是德州儀器的資深人士。（同位語）

他說服台灣政府與飛利浦出資成立一家公司。（who 關係子句，persuade A to do）

這家公司替客戶製造他們設計的晶片。（that 關係子句）

這家公司不銷售自家產品。（rather than 片語）

這種支配地位是一項事實。（同位語 a dominance）

蘋果、輝達與高通等客戶強化了這種地位。（that 關係子句，including 片語插入其中）

這些客戶的產品依賴台積電愈來愈小的製程節點。（whose 關係子句）

客戶以訂單強化地位。（have reinforced with）

這些訂單支應龐大的資本支出。（that 關係子句）

這些支出是為了領先對手所需。（過去分詞片語 required to）

各國政府也設法抵銷這種地位。（and that 關係子句，並列，have sought to offset）

政府擔心這種能力集中在一座島上。（anxious about 片語）

政府的作法是補貼在亞利桑那、日本與德國設廠。（by 加動名詞，三個並列地名）

中譯

台積電成立於 1987 年，創辦人張忠謀是德州儀器的資深人士，他說服台灣政府與飛利浦出資成立一家只替客戶製造其設計之晶片、不銷售自家產品的公司；台積電從新竹一家小型晶圓代工廠，成長為全球多數最先進半導體的製造者，這種支配地位被蘋果、輝達與高通等產品依賴其愈來愈小製程節點的客戶，以支應龐大資本支出、使其得以領先對手的訂單所強化，而擔心此類能力集中於一座島上的各國政府，則設法以補貼在亞利桑那、日本與德國設廠來加以抵銷。

例句二（台灣國際地位未定論的爭議）

原句

The question of Taiwan's international status, which arose when Japan, having ruled the island since 1895, renounced its claim in the 1951 San Francisco Peace Treaty without naming a recipient, remains contested because the People's Republic of China, which holds that Taiwan is part of China and which has held China's seat at the United Nations since 1971, insists that unification is a domestic matter, whereas the government in Taipei, arguing that the Republic of China is already a sovereign state and that the People's Republic has never governed the island, maintains that only Taiwan's people may decide its future, a stalemate that the United States, acknowledging but not endorsing Beijing's position, has managed through a policy of deliberate ambiguity.

斷行排列

The question of Taiwan's international status,

　which arose

　　when Japan,

　　　having ruled the island since 1895,

　　renounced its claim in the 1951 San Francisco Peace Treaty

　　without naming a recipient,

remains contested

　because the People's Republic of China,

　　which holds that Taiwan is part of China

　　and which has held China's seat at the United Nations since 1971,

　insists that unification is a domestic matter,

　whereas the government in Taipei,

　　arguing

　　　that the Republic of China is already a sovereign state

　　　and that the People's Republic has never governed the island,

　maintains that only Taiwan's people may decide its future,

　a stalemate

　　that the United States,

　　　acknowledging but not endorsing Beijing's position,

　　has managed through a policy of deliberate ambiguity.

主句

The question of Taiwan's international status remains contested.（主詞後接長長的 which 子句，內含 when 子句與分詞片語，動詞 remains 要讀很久才出現）

拆成短句

台灣國際地位的問題至今仍有爭議。（主句，remains contested）

這個問題的產生與日本有關。（which 非限定關係子句，arose when）

日本自 1895 年起統治這座島。（having ruled，完成式分詞片語）

日本在 1951 年舊金山和約中放棄了主張。（when 子句的動詞 renounced）

和約沒有指明由誰接收。（without 加動名詞）

中華人民共和國主張台灣是中國的一部分。（which 關係子句）

中華人民共和國自 1971 年起在聯合國擁有中國的席位。（and which 關係子句，並列）

它堅持統一是內政問題。（because 子句的動詞 insists）

台北政府的立場則不同。（whereas 子句）

台北方面主張中華民國已是主權國家。（arguing，現在分詞片語，第一個 that 子句）

台北方面也主張中華人民共和國從未治理這座島。（第二個 that 子句，並列）

台北方面認為只有台灣人民可決定其未來。（whereas 子句的動詞 maintains）

這形成一種僵局。（同位語 a stalemate）

美國承認但不背書北京的立場。（acknowledging but not endorsing，兩個並列分詞）

美國以刻意模糊的政策處理這個僵局。（that 子句的動詞 has managed）

中譯

台灣國際地位的問題，源於曾自 1895 年起統治該島的日本，在 1951 年舊金山和約中放棄主張卻未指明接收者，至今仍有爭議：中華人民共和國主張台灣是中國的一部分，自 1971 年起又在聯合國擁有中國席位，因而堅持統一是內政問題；台北政府則主張中華民國已是主權國家、中華人民共和國從未治理該島，認為只有台灣人民可決定其未來；對於這種僵局，美國承認但不背書北京的立場，以刻意模糊的政策加以處理。

例句三（中國對台辦的功能）

原句

The Taiwan Affairs Office of China's State Council, which was established in 1988 as the government body responsible for drafting and carrying out policy toward Taiwan and which works in tandem with a Party leadership group that sets the broader direction, handles communication with Taiwanese political parties, business groups, and local officials, publicizes Beijing's positions through regular press conferences, and, according to Taiwan's government and many outside analysts who see its role as part of a broader united front strategy to build influence on the island, uses incentives for those who accept the one-China principle and pressure on those who reject it, an interpretation that Beijing, stressing that its aim is to promote cross-strait exchange and peaceful development, rejects as a distortion of its intentions.

斷行排列

The Taiwan Affairs Office of China's State Council,

　which was established in 1988

　　as the government body

　　　responsible for drafting and carrying out policy toward Taiwan

　and which works in tandem with a Party leadership group

　　that sets the broader direction,

handles communication with

　Taiwanese political parties,

　business groups,

　and local officials,

publicizes Beijing's positions through regular press conferences,

and,

　according to Taiwan's government

　and many outside analysts

　　who see its role as part of a broader united front strategy

　　　to build influence on the island,

uses incentives for those

　who accept the one-China principle

　and pressure on those

　who reject it,

　an interpretation

　　that Beijing,

　　　stressing that its aim is to promote cross-strait exchange and peaceful development,

　　rejects as a distortion of its intentions.

主句

The Taiwan Affairs Office handles communication, publicizes Beijing's positions, and uses incentives and pressure.（主詞後先接兩個並列的 which 子句，三個動詞 handles、publicizes、uses 以 and 並列，第三個動詞前還插入 according to 片語）

拆成短句

國務院台灣事務辦公室與台灣的政黨、商界團體和地方官員溝通。（主句第一個動詞 handles）

台辦於 1988 年成立。（which 非限定關係子句，被動語態）

它是負責擬定並執行對台政策的政府機構。（as 片語，過去分詞形容詞片語 responsible for）

它與一個決定整體方向的黨的領導小組協同運作。（and which 關係子句，that 子句修飾 leadership group）

台辦透過定期記者會發布北京的立場。（主句第二個動詞 publicizes）

台灣政府與許多外部分析人士持另一種看法。（according to 片語，插在 and 與 uses 之間）

這些分析人士把台辦的角色視為更大統戰策略的一部分。（who 關係子句）

這種策略的目的是在島上建立影響力。（不定詞片語）

台辦對接受一個中國原則者給予誘因。（主句第三個動詞 uses，those who 子句）

台辦對拒絕該原則者施壓。（並列的 pressure on those who）

這是一種詮釋。（同位語 an interpretation）

北京強調其目標是促進兩岸交流與和平發展。（stressing，現在分詞片語，插在 Beijing 與 rejects 之間）

北京駁斥這種詮釋，稱其扭曲了自己的意圖。（that 子句的動詞 rejects as）

中譯

國務院台灣事務辦公室成立於 1988 年，是負責擬定並執行對台政策的政府機構，並與決定整體方向的黨的領導小組協同運作，它與台灣的政黨、商界團體和地方官員溝通，透過定期記者會發布北京的立場，而依台灣政府與許多將其角色視為在島上建立影響力之統戰策略一環的外部分析人士看法，它對接受一個中國原則者給予誘因、對拒絕者施壓；北京強調其目標是促進兩岸交流與和平發展，駁斥這種詮釋扭曲了自己的意圖。

三句的共同提醒

例句一的主詞 Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company 後面先接 which 子句，內含同位語 a veteran of Texas Instruments 與 who 子句，其中 that 子句又帶 rather than 片語，動詞 grew 要讀很久才出現。句尾 a dominance 是前面整個 grew 句的同位語，其 that 子句內有兩個以 and 並列的 have reinforced 與 have sought to offset，customers 與 have reinforced 之間還插了 including 與 whose 兩層修飾。

例句二的主詞 The question of Taiwan's international status 與動詞 remains 之間，隔著包含 when 子句與 having ruled 分詞片語的 which 子句。because 子句以 whereas 對比兩方，Taipei 之後插了 arguing 片語，內有兩個並列的 that 子句。句尾 a stalemate 是前面整個對立局面的同位語，其 that 子句中，United States 與 has managed 之間又插了 acknowledging but not endorsing 片語。

例句三的主詞 The Taiwan Affairs Office 之後有兩個以 and 並列的 which 子句，動詞 handles、publicizes、uses 以 and 並列，第三個動詞 uses 之前被 according to 片語切開，片語內還含 who 子句與不定詞片語。句尾 an interpretation 同樣是同位語，其 that 子句中，Beijing 與 rejects 之間插了 stressing 片語。

另外，這三個主題都涉及有爭議的政治與主權問題，句中對各方立場的陳述，我盡量採取描述性寫法（如 holds that、maintains that、according to Taiwan's government、Beijing rejects），不替任何一方下結論，以符合學術語氣。