日本統治下的台灣

 【長難句破解示範】日本統治下的台灣

●例句（120 words）

Taiwan, which Japan acquired in 1895 under the Treaty of Shimonoseki and ruled as a colony for fifty years, was nevertheless transformed by colonial administrators who, while exploiting the island's rice and sugar to feed the imperial economy, built railways, ports, irrigation systems, hospitals, and schools, surveyed the land for taxation, and eradicated epidemic diseases such as plague, so that when the Kuomintang, having been entrusted with accepting Japan's surrender in 1945, took over the island, it inherited a society that some historians, comparing it with the war-torn mainland, regard as roughly thirty years more advanced, a judgment that critics, emphasizing discrimination against Taiwanese and the harshness of wartime mobilization, condemn as seriously understating the human cost of colonial rule.

●排列為比較容易閱讀的方式

Taiwan,

which Japan acquired in 1895

under the Treaty of Shimonoseki

and ruled as a colony for fifty years,

was nevertheless transformed

by colonial administrators

who,

while exploiting the island's rice and sugar

to feed the imperial economy,

built railways, ports, irrigation systems, hospitals, and schools,

surveyed the land for taxation,

and eradicated epidemic diseases such as plague,

so that

when

the Kuomintang,

having been entrusted with accepting Japan's surrender in 1945,

took over the island,

it inherited a society

that

some historians,

comparing it with the war-torn mainland,

regard as roughly thirty years more advanced,

a judgment

that critics,

emphasizing discrimination against Taiwanese

and the harshness of wartime mobilization,

condemn as seriously understating

the human cost of colonial rule.

●分解為原初的短小句

Taiwan was nevertheless transformed by colonial administrators.（主結構，7字。主詞 Taiwan 後面被 which 子句插入十八個字，要跳到 was transformed 才看到動詞。）

Japan acquired Taiwan in 1895 under the Treaty of Shimonoseki.

Japan ruled Taiwan as a colony for fifty years.

The administrators exploited the island's rice and sugar.

They did so to feed the imperial economy.

The administrators built railways, ports, irrigation systems, hospitals, and schools.

They surveyed the land for taxation.

They eradicated epidemic diseases such as plague.

The Kuomintang had been entrusted with accepting Japan's surrender in 1945.

The Kuomintang took over the island.

The Kuomintang inherited a society.

Some historians compare the society with the war-torn mainland.

They regard the society as roughly thirty years more advanced.

Critics condemn this judgment as seriously understating the human cost of colonial rule.

The critics emphasize discrimination against Taiwanese and the harshness of wartime mobilization.

●文法解析

主句：Taiwan…was transformed。which 子句裡的 which 是 acquired 與 ruled 共同的受詞，兩個動詞用 and 對等連接。

colonial administrators who, while exploiting…, built…, surveyed…, and eradicated…：關係子句內有三個對等動詞。while exploiting 是連接詞加現在分詞，表示同時進行的讓步背景，to feed 是目的不定詞。

so that when…it inherited：so that 引導結果子句，內部再嵌入 when 子句。having been entrusted with 是被動完成式分詞片語，表示更早發生；介係詞 with 之後接動名詞 accepting。

a society that some historians…regard as…：that 是 regard 的受詞。comparing it with… 是現在分詞片語，代替主動式關係子句。regard A as B 是固定句型。

a judgment that critics…condemn as understating…：同位語加關係子句，that 是 condemn 的受詞。emphasizing… 是現在分詞片語，condemn as 之後接動名詞。

●參考譯文

台灣於1895年依《馬關條約》為日本取得，並被當作殖民地統治五十年，卻仍被殖民官員改變。這些官員一面剝削島上的稻米與蔗糖，以供應帝國經濟，一面興建鐵路、港口、水利設施、醫院與學校，丈量土地以便課稅，並根除鼠疫等流行疾病。因此，1945年國民黨受命接受日本投降而接管台灣時，承接的是一個社會，一些歷史學者將它與戰火摧殘的中國大陸相比，認為約進步三十年。批評者強調日本對台灣人的歧視與戰時動員的嚴苛，譴責這個判斷嚴重低估殖民統治的人命代價。

●補充說明

colony / colonial 指殖民地與殖民的。exploit 在此是貶義，指剝削、榨取。

entrusted with 指受託負責。1945年國民黨政府是依盟軍的安排代表接收台灣。

war-torn 是複合形容詞，指戰火摧殘的。

roughly thirty years more advanced 是部分學者的比較評價，不是公認的精確數字。句中用 some historians regard 標示歸屬，學術寫作應保持這種謹慎。

殖民建設的主要目的是服務日本本國，這是批評者的核心論點，所以句末以 critics 收尾，呈現正反兩面。

●長難句組合寫作練習

不看例句，用譯文與上列15個短句組合回原來的長句：