獨一神論與擇一神論 大唐帝國與高句麗的戰爭 列寧格勒圍城戰 三個學術型超複雜文法結構長難句分解示範

例句一：獨一神論與擇一神論

原句

Scholars of comparative religion, who distinguish monotheism, the belief that only one God exists, from henotheism, a devotion to a single deity that does not deny the existence of others, argue that ancient Israelite worship, which demanded exclusive loyalty to Yahweh, probably evolved from the latter toward the former over several centuries.

分行排列

Scholars of comparative religion,

who distinguish monotheism,

the belief that only one God exists,

from henotheism,

a devotion to a single deity

that does not deny the existence of others,

argue

that ancient Israelite worship,

which demanded exclusive loyalty to Yahweh,

probably evolved from the latter toward the former

over several centuries.

拆解短句

（主句） Scholars of comparative religion argue that ancient Israelite worship probably evolved from the latter toward the former over several centuries.

Scholars distinguish monotheism from henotheism.

Monotheism is the belief that only one God exists.

Henotheism is a devotion to a single deity.

Henotheism does not deny the existence of other deities.

Ancient Israelite worship demanded exclusive loyalty to Yahweh.

文法重點

兩個同位語並列：monotheism, the belief… 與 henotheism, a devotion…

the belief that… 為同位語子句；that does not deny… 為限定關係子句

distinguish A from B 結構，夾在 who 子句內

argue that… 的名詞子句作受詞，其主詞又被非限定關係子句 which… 修飾

the latter / the former 回指前面的 henotheism / monotheism

參考譯文

比較宗教學者區分獨一神論（相信只有一位神存在）與擇一神論（專注敬拜單一神祇，但不否認其他神存在）。他們主張，古代以色列人的崇拜要求對耶和華的專一忠誠，大約是在數世紀間由後者逐漸演變為前者。

例句二：高句麗王國與大唐帝國的戰爭

原句

In 645, Emperor Taizong of Tang, who had earned his reputation by defeating the Eastern Turks, led a massive army against Goguryeo, whose general Yeon Gaesomun had seized power in a coup, but, having failed to capture the fortress of Ansi despite a siege that lasted nearly three months, was compelled to withdraw before winter set in.

分行排列

In 645,

Emperor Taizong of Tang,

who had earned his reputation

by defeating the Eastern Turks,

led a massive army against Goguryeo,

whose general Yeon Gaesomun

had seized power in a coup,

but,

having failed to capture the fortress of Ansi

despite a siege

that lasted nearly three months,

was compelled to withdraw

before winter set in.

拆解短句

（主句） In 645, Emperor Taizong of Tang led a massive army against Goguryeo, but was compelled to withdraw.

Taizong had earned his reputation by defeating the Eastern Turks.

Goguryeo's general, Yeon Gaesomun, had seized power in a coup.

Taizong failed to capture the fortress of Ansi.

The siege lasted nearly three months.

Winter set in.

文法重點

主句有兩個動詞 led… but… was compelled…，共用同一主詞 Emperor Taizong（對等連接詞連結動詞片語）

第二個動詞前插入 having failed… 完成式分詞片語，表示原因與先後

who 子句內用 by + 動名詞 defeating 說明方式

whose 子句修飾 Goguryeo，內含過去完成式 had seized

despite + 名詞片語 + that 關係子句（a siege that lasted…）

be compelled to 為被動結構；before 引導時間副詞子句

參考譯文

645年，曾因擊敗東突厥而聲名遠播的唐太宗率領大軍攻打高句麗，其將領淵蓋蘇文先前已發動政變奪權。然而唐軍圍攻安市城將近三個月仍未能攻下，只得在冬季來臨前撤退。

例句三：二戰中的列寧格勒圍城戰役

原句

Lasting 872 days from September 1941 to January 1944, the siege of Leningrad, during which German forces, having severed nearly all land routes into the city, sought to starve its inhabitants into submission, caused the deaths of an estimated one million civilians, most of whom died not from bombardment but from hunger and cold.

分行排列

Lasting 872 days

from September 1941 to January 1944,

the siege of Leningrad,

during which German forces,

having severed nearly all land routes into the city,

sought to starve its inhabitants into submission,

caused the deaths of an estimated one million civilians,

most of whom died

not from bombardment

but from hunger and cold.

拆解短句

（主句） The siege of Leningrad caused the deaths of an estimated one million civilians.

The siege lasted 872 days, from September 1941 to January 1944.

During the siege, German forces sought to starve the city's inhabitants into submission.

German forces had severed nearly all land routes into the city.

Most of the civilians died not from bombardment but from hunger and cold.

文法重點

句首現在分詞片語 Lasting… 取代主動式關係子句（which lasted…），修飾主詞 the siege

during which = 介係詞 + 關係代名詞，子句內再插入 having severed… 完成式分詞片語

sought to V 為動詞加不定詞；starve… into submission 為「使…至…」結構

an estimated one million：estimated 為過去分詞當形容詞

most of whom 為「數量詞 + of + 關係代名詞」，引導非限定關係子句

not… but… 對等連接兩個介係詞片語

參考譯文

列寧格勒圍城戰從1941年9月持續到1944年1月，長達872天。在這期間，德軍切斷了通往該城的幾乎所有陸路，企圖以飢餓迫使居民屈服。這場圍城造成估計約一百萬平民死亡，其中多數並非死於砲擊，而是死於飢餓與寒冷。

破解口訣：先抓主詞與主要動詞（例一 Scholars argue、例二 Taizong led… but was compelled、例三 siege caused），再逐一拆出同位語、關係子句與分詞片語。

需要我做成留白的練習版（只給原句，讓學生自己分行與拆句），再附解答嗎？

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