史學理論 台灣媽祖信仰 比較猶太教與伊斯蘭共三個英文學術型超複雜文法結構長難句分解示範

 例句一(史學理論)

原句

Although nineteenth-century historians influenced by Ranke maintained that the past could be reconstructed "as it actually was" through the rigorous critique of documents, later theorists, persuaded that every archive is itself the product of choices about what deserves preservation, argued that the historian, far from recovering a self-evident reality, inevitably imposes a narrative form on events that possess no inherent plot.

斷行排列

Although nineteenth-century historians

 influenced by Ranke

 maintained that the past could be reconstructed "as it actually was"

  through the rigorous critique of documents,

later theorists,

 persuaded that every archive is itself the product of choices

  about what deserves preservation,

argued

 that the historian,

  far from recovering a self-evident reality,

 inevitably imposes a narrative form

  on events

   that possess no inherent plot.

主句

Later theorists argued that the historian inevitably imposes a narrative form on events.(Although 子句是讓步副詞子句,真正的主詞要等到第一個逗號之後才出現)

拆成短句

後來的理論家主張歷史學家無可避免地把敘事形式強加於事件。(主句)

十九世紀的歷史學家主張過去可以被重建。(Although 子句)

這些歷史學家受到蘭克的影響。(influenced,過去分詞片語,等於被動式關係子句)

重建的方法是嚴格地批判文獻。(through + 名詞片語)

理論家深信每一座檔案庫本身都是選擇的產物。(persuaded,過去分詞片語,插在主詞與動詞之間)

那些選擇涉及什麼值得保存。(about + what 子句)

歷史學家並非在還原一個不證自明的現實。(far from + 動名詞)

事件本身並沒有內在的情節。(that 關係子句)

中譯

儘管受蘭克影響的十九世紀歷史學家主張,透過嚴格的文獻批判,可以「如實」重建過去,但後來的理論家深信,每一座檔案庫本身都是「什麼值得保存」之抉擇的產物,因此主張歷史學家絕非在還原不證自明的現實,而是無可避免地把敘事形式強加於本無內在情節的事件之上。

例句二(台灣的媽祖信仰)

原句

Mazu, a deified woman from Meizhou in Fujian who was believed to protect seafarers, came to be venerated across Taiwan after Han settlers crossing the perilous Taiwan Strait brought her image with them, and the great annual pilgrimages that now draw hundreds of thousands of devotees, most famously the Dajia Mazu procession, demonstrate how a maritime cult can evolve into a mark of local identity that unites communities far from the sea.

斷行排列

Mazu,

 a deified woman from Meizhou in Fujian

  who was believed to protect seafarers,

came to be venerated across Taiwan

 after Han settlers

  crossing the perilous Taiwan Strait

 brought her image with them,

and the great annual pilgrimages

 that now draw hundreds of thousands of devotees,

  most famously the Dajia Mazu procession,

demonstrate

 how a maritime cult can evolve

  into a mark of local identity

   that unites communities

    far from the sea.

主句

Mazu came to be venerated across Taiwan, and the pilgrimages demonstrate how a maritime cult can evolve.(兩個主句以 and 並列)

拆成短句

媽祖在全台各地受到崇奉。(第一個主句,came to be venerated)

媽祖是來自福建湄洲的被神化的女性。(同位語)

人們相信她保護航海者。(who 關係子句,內含被動式 was believed to)

漢人移民帶著她的神像渡海來台。(after 子句)

移民橫渡了凶險的台灣海峽。(crossing,現在分詞片語,等於主動式關係子句)

每年的大型進香活動如今吸引數十萬信徒。(第二個主句的主詞,that 關係子句)

大甲媽祖遶境是其中最著名的例子。(most famously,插入的同位語性質片語)

這些進香活動說明了一件事。(demonstrate)

航海信仰可以演變成地方認同的標誌。(how 名詞子句)

這個標誌把遠離海洋的社群團結起來。(that 關係子句)

中譯

媽祖是來自福建湄洲、被相信能庇佑航海者的神化女性,在渡過凶險台灣海峽的漢人移民把她的神像帶來之後,逐漸受到全台崇奉;如今每年吸引數十萬信徒的大型進香活動,其中最著名的是大甲媽祖遶境,正說明了一種海洋信仰如何演變為地方認同的標誌,並將遠離海洋的社群團結起來。

例句三(比較猶太教與伊斯蘭)

原句

Judaism and Islam, both of which insist on the absolute unity of God and regard divine law as the primary vehicle through which the believer orients life toward the sacred, nevertheless differ in that the former, understanding the covenant as binding a particular people, locates holiness in the observance of commandments addressed to Israel, whereas the latter, conceiving revelation as a final message addressed to all humanity, calls every person to submit to a single community of faith.

斷行排列

Judaism and Islam,

 both of which insist on the absolute unity of God

 and regard divine law as the primary vehicle

  through which the believer orients life

   toward the sacred,

nevertheless differ

 in that the former,

  understanding the covenant

   as binding a particular people,

 locates holiness in the observance of commandments

  addressed to Israel,

 whereas the latter,

  conceiving revelation as a final message

   addressed to all humanity,

 calls every person to submit to a single community of faith.

主句

Judaism and Islam nevertheless differ in that the former locates holiness in the observance of commandments, whereas the latter calls every person to submit.(in that 子句說明差異所在,whereas 表對比)

拆成短句

猶太教與伊斯蘭仍有差異。(主句)

兩者都堅持上帝的絕對唯一。(both of which 關係子句)

兩者都把神聖律法視為主要途徑。(與上一動詞 insist 並列的 regard)

信徒透過這途徑使生活朝向神聖。(through which 關係子句)

前者把盟約理解為約束特定民族。(the former...understanding,現在分詞片語,內含 as + 動名詞)

前者把神聖性置於遵守誡命之中。(in that 子句的主要動詞 locates)

那些誡命是向以色列頒布的。(addressed,過去分詞片語)

後者把啟示理解為最終的訊息。(the latter...conceiving,現在分詞片語)

那訊息是向全人類頒布的。(addressed,過去分詞片語)

後者呼籲每個人歸順於同一個信仰共同體。(whereas 子句的主要動詞 calls)

中譯

猶太教與伊斯蘭雖都堅持上帝絕對唯一,並視神聖律法為信徒使生活朝向神聖的主要途徑,但仍有差異:前者把盟約理解為約束特定民族,將神聖性置於遵守向以色列頒布的誡命之中;後者則把啟示視為向全人類頒布的最終訊息,呼籲每個人歸順於同一個信仰共同體。

三句的共同提醒

例句一的 influenced 與 persuaded 都是過去分詞片語,前者緊接在 historians 之後,後者插在 theorists 與 argued 之間,先擋住才看得出兩條主幹。

例句二是兩個主句以 and 並列,第二個主句的主詞 pilgrimages 後面夾著 that 子句與 most famously 插入語,要讀到 demonstrate 才見動詞。

例句三的 both of which 子句內含兩個並列動詞 insist 與 regard;in that 子句內以 the former 與 the latter 搭配 whereas 形成對比,各自帶一個現在分詞片語,建議先分前後兩半再讀。

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