國民黨戒嚴統治下的台灣

 【長難句破解示範】國民黨戒嚴統治下的台灣

●例句（120 words）

Taiwan, which the Kuomintang, having retreated from the mainland after losing the civil war to the Communists, placed under martial law in 1949, remained authoritarian for thirty-eight years, during which the regime, justifying its authority by claiming to represent all of China, banned new parties and newspapers, tried civilians in military courts, and imprisoned thousands of suspected dissidents in a campaign known as the White Terror, until pressure from an opposition that founded the Democratic Progressive Party in 1986 and from a middle class enriched by export-led industrialization persuaded Chiang Ching-kuo, the son of Chiang Kai-shek, to lift martial law, a decision that opened the way to the democratic reforms that culminated in the first direct presidential election in 1996.

●排列為比較容易閱讀的方式

Taiwan,

which

the Kuomintang,

having retreated from the mainland

after losing the civil war to the Communists,

placed under martial law in 1949,

remained authoritarian

for thirty-eight years,

during which

the regime,

justifying its authority

by claiming to represent all of China,

banned new parties and newspapers,

tried civilians in military courts,

and imprisoned thousands of suspected dissidents

in a campaign

known as the White Terror,

until

pressure

from an opposition

that founded the Democratic Progressive Party in 1986

and from a middle class

enriched by export-led industrialization

persuaded Chiang Ching-kuo,

the son of Chiang Kai-shek,

to lift martial law,

a decision

that opened the way to the democratic reforms

that culminated in the first direct presidential election in 1996.

●分解為原初的短小句

Taiwan remained authoritarian for thirty-eight years.（主結構，6字。主詞 Taiwan 之後被 which 子句插入近二十字，要跳到 remained 才看到動詞。）

The Kuomintang placed Taiwan under martial law in 1949.

The Kuomintang had retreated from the mainland.

The Kuomintang had lost the civil war to the Communists.

During the thirty-eight years, the regime justified its authority by claiming to represent all of China.

The regime banned new parties and newspapers.

The regime tried civilians in military courts.

The regime imprisoned thousands of suspected dissidents.

The campaign of imprisonment is known as the White Terror.

An opposition founded the Democratic Progressive Party in 1986.

Export-led industrialization had enriched a middle class.

Pressure from the opposition and from the middle class persuaded Chiang Ching-kuo to lift martial law.

Chiang Ching-kuo was the son of Chiang Kai-shek.

The decision opened the way to the democratic reforms.

The reforms culminated in the first direct presidential election in 1996.

●文法解析

主句：Taiwan…remained authoritarian。which 在子句中是 placed 的受詞，所以 which 子句是「國民黨將其置於戒嚴之下」，不是主句。remained 後接形容詞補語。

having retreated…after losing…：完成式分詞片語表示更早的背景；after 後接動名詞 losing。

during which the regime…：介係詞加關係代名詞，which 指 thirty-eight years。子句內有三個對等動詞 banned, tried, imprisoned。

justifying…by claiming…：現在分詞片語，其中介係詞 by 後接動名詞 claiming，再接不定詞 to represent。

a campaign known as…：known 是過去分詞片語，代替被動式關係子句。

until pressure…persuaded：until 副詞子句，主詞 pressure 之後有兩個並列的 from 片語（from an opposition…and from a middle class…），動詞 persuaded 要等到很後面才出現。

an opposition that founded…：限定關係子句。a middle class enriched by… 是過去分詞片語。

persuaded A to V：受詞加不定詞。Chiang Ching-kuo 後接同位語。

a decision that opened…the reforms that culminated…：同位語加兩層關係子句。

●參考譯文

國民黨在內戰敗給共產黨、撤退離開大陸之後，於1949年將台灣置於戒嚴之下。台灣因此威權了三十八年。在此期間，政權以代表全中國為由證成其統治權威，禁止組織新政黨與創辦新報紙，在軍事法庭審判平民，並在被稱為「白色恐怖」的整肅行動中囚禁數以千計的疑似異議者。直到1986年成立民主進步黨的反對勢力，以及因出口導向工業化而富裕的中產階級施加壓力，才說服蔣經國（蔣介石之子）解除戒嚴。這個決定為民主改革開路，改革最終促成1996年首次總統直接選舉。

●補充說明

martial law 指戒嚴令。台灣戒嚴自1949年起至1987年7月15日解除，是當時全球延續最久的戒嚴之一。

White Terror 指白色恐怖，泛指國民黨政權對疑似異議者與共產黨嫌疑者的政治迫害，高峰在1950年代。1947年的二二八事件發生在戒嚴之前，常被視為這段歷史的前奏。

suspected dissidents 的 suspected 很重要，許多受害者是被懷疑而非有實際行動，其中不少後來被認定為冤案。

export-led industrialization 指出口導向工業化，是1960年代以後台灣經濟起飛的主要模式。

蔣經國解嚴的原因，學界有不同論述：反對運動壓力、中產階級興起、國際環境與蔣經國個人判斷各占多重。句中以 pressure 為主詞，只呈現其中一種常見解釋，學術寫作應避免單因論。

●長難句組合寫作練習

不看例句，用譯文與上列15個短句組合回原來的長句

留言

張貼留言

這個網誌中的熱門文章

古代三大陸 58個英文字一句話 學術型超複雜文法結構長難句 說明古代三大陸由來

【丁連財的英文學術型超複雜文法結構長難句】58個英文字一句話 學術型超複雜文法結構長難句  說明古代三大陸由來  學術論文與著作必須在有限的頁數與篇幅中承載豐富的訊息與札實的論述，不能浪費時間與空間使用短小簡易的句子，於是必須藉由高超的文法技巧把多個短小句濃縮為一個複雜長難句。 * ** 學術句子常用的高級文法 1 .現在分詞片語代替一個主動式的關係子句 ； 2 .過去 分詞片語代替一個被動式的關係子句； 3.  多個子句層層堆疊； 4 .以 現在分詞和過去分詞樣貌呈現為形容詞使用；   5 .介係詞 後常使用動名詞來帶出一個子句； 6 .常 有較長的同位語； 7 .常 有名詞子句當主結構的主詞或受詞 ； 8 .常有對等連接詞連結兩個或三個主詞、主詞子句，受詞、受詞子句，動詞、動詞片語，形容詞、當形容詞用的關係子句，不定詞、動名詞、介係詞。 * ** 結構破解 示範（Structure Analysis）例句 In the seventh century, the Archbishop Isidore of Seville, writing an encyclopedia called the Etymologiae that circulated widely in manuscript, had drawn the world as a circle surrounded by oceans and divided by seas into three bodies of land, Asia, Europe, and Africa, inhabited by the descendants of three sons of Noah : Shem, Japhet, and Ham. * **排列為 比較容易理解閱讀的方式 In the seventh century,  the Archbishop Isidore of Seville ,  writing an encyclopedia  called the Etymologiae that circulated widely in manuscript,  had drawn the world  as a circ...
閱讀完整內容

英格蘭大憲章 54個英文字一句話 學術型超複雜文法結構長難句 說明美國要有成文憲法的原因

  【丁連財的 英文學術型超複雜文法結構長難句破解示範 】 【大幅提升英文閱讀與寫作能力必經的訓練過程】54 個英文字一句 話    學術型超複雜文法結構長難句  說明美國要有成文憲法的原因 學術論文與著作必須在有限的頁數與篇幅中承載豐富的訊息與札實的論述，不能浪費時間與空間使用短小簡易的句子，於是必須藉由高超的文法技巧把多個短小句濃縮為一個複雜長難句。 * ** 學術句子常用的高級文法 1 .現在分詞片語代替一個主動式的關係子句 ； 2 .過去 分詞片語代替一個被動式的關係子句； 3.  多個子句層層堆疊； 4 .以 現在分詞和過去分詞樣貌呈現為形容詞使用；   5 .介係詞 後常使用動名詞來帶出一個子句； 6 .常 有較長的同位語； 7 .常 有名詞子句當主結構的主詞或受詞 ； 8 .常有對等連接詞連結兩個或三個主詞、主詞子句，受詞、受詞子句，動詞、動詞片語，形容詞、當形容詞用的關係子句，不定詞、動名詞、介係詞。 * ** 結構破解 示範（Structure Analysis）例句 Edward Coke , an English Chief Justice, who resurrected Magna Carta, explained a great deal about how it is that some English colonists would one day come to believe that their king has no right to rule them and why their descendants would come to believe that the United States needed a written constitution. * **排列為 比較容易理解閱讀的方式 Edward Coke ,  an English Chief Justice,  who resurrected Magna Carta,  explained a great deal about  how  it is  that  some English colonists would one...
閱讀完整內容

緬甸古都曼德勒故宮 63個英文字一句話 學術型超複雜文法結構長難句

 【丁連財的英文學術型超複雜文法結構長難句】63個英文字一句話 學術型超複雜文法結構長難句 介紹緬甸古都曼德勒故宮。 * ** 結構破解示範 （ Structure Analysis）例句 The old palace walls and wide moat still dominate Mandalay, the capital of the Burmese Konbaung dynasty, located on the east bank of the Irrawaddy River and haunted by the foreigners who sacked the city and terminated the royal lines in the nineteenth century and today champion Aung San Suu Kyi, the daughter of the founder of the modern Burmese army, Bogyoke Aung San, who won the country independence.   * **排列為 比較容易理解閱讀的方式 The old palace walls and wide moat still dominate Mandalay,  the capital of the Burmese Konbaung dynasty,  located on the east bank of the Irrawaddy River  and haunted by the foreigners  who sacked the city and terminated the royal lines in the nineteenth century  and today champion Aung San Suu Kyi,  the daughter of the founder of the modern Burmese army,  Bogyoke Aung San,  who won the country independence. *** 分解為原初的各個短小...
閱讀完整內容