線性經濟 循環經濟

線性經濟 linear economy（72 字）

In discussions of resource management, the linear economy extracting raw materials from nature and discarding products after a single use is a disposal-based model that is driven by large manufacturers, which are either praised for keeping goods affordable or criticized by environmentalists who are convinced that endless extraction exhausts natural resources, thereby boosting short-term growth by encouraging constant purchases and generating waste that has long polluted oceans and landfills across industrial societies.

1. 結構破解

In discussions of resource management,

the linear economy

extracting raw materials from nature

and discarding products after a single use

is a disposal-based model

that is driven by large manufacturers,

which are either praised for keeping goods affordable

or criticized by environmentalists

who are convinced that endless extraction exhausts natural resources,

thereby boosting short-term growth

by encouraging constant purchases

and generating waste

that has long polluted oceans and landfills

across industrial societies.

2. 分解為短句

In discussions of resource management, the linear economy is a disposal-based model.（主句骨架）

The linear economy extracts raw materials from nature and discards products after a single use.

The model is driven by large manufacturers.

The manufacturers are either praised for keeping goods affordable or criticized by environmentalists.

The environmentalists are convinced that endless extraction exhausts natural resources.

This boosts short-term growth by encouraging constant purchases and generates waste across industrial societies.

The waste has long polluted oceans and landfills.

3. 參考譯文

在資源管理的討論中，從自然界開採原料、並在單次使用後即丟棄產品的線性經濟，是由大型製造商所推動的以丟棄為基礎的模式；這些製造商若非因維持商品價格親民而受讚揚，就是受到深信無止盡的開採耗盡自然資源的環保人士所批評，從而藉由刺激持續購買來推升短期成長，並產生長期汙染海洋與掩埋場的廢棄物，這種情形遍及工業社會。

4. 組合寫作練習（請勿看例句，嘗試將短句組回原長句）

5. 補充說明

extracting / discarding：現在分詞片語，取代 which extracts... and discards...

時態：描述經濟模式的一般特性，用現在式；has long polluted 為現在完成式，強調汙染持續至今

linear economy：「線性經濟」；extract：「開採、提取」；raw material：「原料」

discard：「丟棄」；disposal：「丟棄、處理」；single use：「單次使用」

affordable：「負擔得起的、價格親民的」；exhaust：「耗盡」

environmentalist：「環保人士」；landfill：「垃圾掩埋場」

此句的 which are 指代 manufacturers；environmentalists 後接 who；waste 後接 that（waste 為不可數名詞，故用 has）

舉例：

快時尚服飾：大量生產、低價銷售，穿幾次就丟棄

免洗餐具與一次性塑膠袋：用完即成垃圾

更新快速的手機與家電：壞了不修，直接換新機

循環經濟 circular economy（77 字）

In debates over sustainable development, the circular economy keeping materials in use through repair, reuse, and recycling and designing products to be recovered instead of thrown away is a regeneration-based model that is promoted by green policies, which are either welcomed for cutting waste or challenged by manufacturers who are worried that redesigning products raises production costs, thereby preserving natural resources by extending product lifespans and creating green industries that have long attracted investment across European markets.

1. 結構破解

In debates over sustainable development,

the circular economy

keeping materials in use through repair, reuse, and recycling

and designing products to be recovered instead of thrown away

is a regeneration-based model

that is promoted by green policies,

which are either welcomed for cutting waste

or challenged by manufacturers

who are worried that redesigning products raises production costs,

thereby preserving natural resources

by extending product lifespans

and creating green industries

that have long attracted investment

across European markets.

2. 分解為短句

In debates over sustainable development, the circular economy is a regeneration-based model.（主句骨架）

The circular economy keeps materials in use through repair, reuse, and recycling and designs products to be recovered instead of thrown away.

The model is promoted by green policies.

The policies are either welcomed for cutting waste or challenged by manufacturers.

The manufacturers are worried that redesigning products raises production costs.

This preserves natural resources by extending product lifespans and creates green industries across European markets.

The industries have long attracted investment.

3. 參考譯文

在永續發展的辯論中，透過維修、再利用與回收使材料持續被使用、並將產品設計成可回收而非丟棄的循環經濟，是由綠色政策所推動的以再生為基礎的模式；這些政策若非因減少廢棄物而受歡迎，就是受到擔憂重新設計產品會提高生產成本的製造商所質疑，從而藉由延長產品壽命來保存自然資源，並創造長期吸引投資的綠色產業，這種情形遍及歐洲市場。

4. 組合寫作練習（請勿看例句，嘗試將短句組回原長句）

5. 補充說明

keeping / designing：現在分詞片語，取代 which keeps... and designs...

時態：描述現況，用現在式；have long attracted 為現在完成式，強調吸引力持續至今

circular economy：「循環經濟」；repair：「維修」；reuse：「再利用」；recycle：「回收再製」

A instead of B：A 而非 B；recover：「回收、復原」（句中 to be recovered 為被動不定詞）

regeneration：「再生」；lifespan：「壽命」；preserve：「保存」

production cost：「生產成本」；redesign：「重新設計」

此句的 which are 指代 policies；manufacturers 後接 who；industries 後接 that have

舉例：

飲料瓶與玻璃瓶回收押金制：瓶子洗淨後重複填充使用

二手平台與維修服務（如 iFixit 教學、Patagonia 舊衣修補）：延長產品使用年限

回收寶特瓶製成再生纖維衣物：廢棄物變成新原料

兩詞的差別：linear economy 是「開採 → 製造 → 使用 → 丟棄」的單向流程，資源用完就變成垃圾；circular economy 則把流程繞成一個圈，讓產品與材料不斷回到生產端。前者是「用完就丟」，後者是「用完再用」。

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