海產養殖業 mariculture

海產養殖業 mariculture

● 字源

Mariculture（海產養殖業、海水養殖）由拉丁文 mare（「海」）加上 cultura（「耕種、培養」）組成，字面意為「海的耕作」。此詞仿 agriculture 造出，是現代英語的通用術語。指人類在海灣、近岸海域或外海，以筏架、網箱、延繩等設施養殖牡蠣、貽貝、海帶、紫菜、鮭魚與蝦類的產業與技術。Mariculture 屬於 aquaculture 的分支，專指在鹹水環境進行的養殖，與淡水養殖相對。中文譯為「海產養殖業」或「海水養殖」。

● 例句（80字長句）

It is along sheltered bays, whose calm currents allow oysters, kelp, and salmon to grow within anchored frames, that mariculture, having moved from coastal tradition to global industry, now thrives, not because the sea is endless but because careful farmers, knowing that tides carry waste away as readily as they bring food, choose sites so wisely that neither crops nor nearby fisheries suffer, even though storms, disease, and rising costs, which no farmer can predict, keep threatening every season's profit.

● 排列為比較容易閱讀的方式

It is along sheltered bays,

whose calm currents allow oysters, kelp, and salmon to grow within anchored frames,

that mariculture,

having moved from coastal tradition to global industry,

now thrives,

not because the sea is endless

but because careful farmers,

knowing that tides carry waste away as readily as they bring food,

choose sites so wisely

that neither crops nor nearby fisheries suffer,

even though storms, disease, and rising costs,

which no farmer can predict,

keep threatening every season's profit.

● 分解為原初的短小句

Mariculture now thrives along sheltered bays.

（原句為 It is ... that 強調句，把 along sheltered bays 夾在 It is 與 that 之間強調；拿掉 It is 與 that，即還原為這個簡單句。）

Sheltered bays have calm currents.

（whose 為所有格關係代名詞，相當於 of which，修飾 bays，「whose calm currents」即「這些海灣的平穩水流」。）

The calm currents allow oysters, kelp, and salmon to grow.

（allow + 受詞 + to 不定詞，表「允許、使得……能夠」；三項名詞並列作受詞。）

Oysters, kelp, and salmon grow within anchored frames.

（within 表「在……之內」；anchored 為過去分詞作形容詞，修飾 frames，指「被錨固定的」。）

Mariculture has moved from coastal tradition to global industry.

（原句 having moved ... 為完成式分詞構句，主詞同為 mariculture，表動作發生在 thrives 之前；from ... to ... 表轉變的起點與終點。）

The sea is not endless.

（not because ... but because ... 為對比結構，否定前一個理由，肯定後一個理由；本句為被否定的理由。）

Careful farmers choose sites wisely.

（careful 修飾 farmers；wisely 為副詞，修飾 choose；本句為被肯定的理由之主要骨幹。）

Careful farmers know something.

（knowing that ... 為現在分詞構句，表「同時具備的認知」，相當於 as they know that ...；that 引導名詞子句，作 knowing 的受詞。）

Tides carry waste away.

（carry ... away 為動詞加副詞的片語動詞，受詞 waste 可夾在中間。）

Tides bring food.

（as readily as they bring food 為同級比較，as ... as 之間放副詞 readily，表「同樣輕易地」；後一個 as 引導省略了 readily 的子句。）

Farmers choose sites so wisely.

（so ... that 為結果結構，so 修飾副詞 wisely，that 引導結果子句。）

Neither crops nor nearby fisheries suffer.

（neither ... nor ... 連接兩個名詞作主詞，動詞與較近的主詞 fisheries 一致，故用複數 suffer；nearby 為形容詞，修飾 fisheries。）

Storms, disease, and rising costs keep threatening every season's profit.

（even though 引導讓步副詞子句；keep + 動名詞 threatening，表「持續不斷地」；every season's profit 為所有格，指每一季的收益；rising 為現在分詞作形容詞。）

No farmer can predict storms, disease, and rising costs.

（which 為非限定關係代名詞，指前面整串名詞，在子句中作 predict 的受詞；no farmer 為否定主詞，意為「沒有任何養殖戶」，所以動詞 can predict 不再另加 not。）

● 文法解析

It is ... that 強調句與 whose 關係子句：

It is along sheltered bays ... that mariculture ... now thrives 是強調句，被強調的是地點副詞片語 along sheltered bays。強調句的特色是 It is 與 that 之間放被強調的成分，其餘部分回到 that 之後。本句 that 之前插入了很長的 whose 子句，whose calm currents allow oysters, kelp, and salmon to grow 說明海灣為何適合養殖。whose 是所有格關係代名詞，修飾後面的 currents；allow + 受詞 + to 不定詞則是常見的使役結構。這樣一來，讀者要等到 that 才看到真正的主詞 mariculture，增加了懸念。

完成式分詞構句 having moved：

mariculture, having moved from coastal tradition to global industry, now thrives 中，having moved 由 as it has moved 簡化而來，省略連接詞，主詞與主句相同，所以不必重複。完成式分詞表示「先發生」，說明養殖業已經先完成了轉型，所以現在才興盛。前後各有逗號，插在主詞 mariculture 與謂語 thrives 之間，與前一句型的 that 一起把主詞與動詞隔開，讀時要先記住主詞。

not because ... but because ... 與現在分詞構句：

not because the sea is endless but because careful farmers ... choose sites so wisely 以對比結構，先否定一般人以為的原因（海洋無窮無盡），再提出真正的原因（養殖戶審慎選址）。因為 but because 之後的主詞 careful farmers 與謂語 choose 之間又插入 knowing that tides carry waste away as readily as they bring food，這是現在分詞構句，表「同時具備的認知」；其中 as readily as 是同級比較，指潮水帶走廢物與帶來食物一樣容易，說明選址的關鍵是水流。

so ... that 結果子句與 neither ... nor：

choose sites so wisely that neither crops nor nearby fisheries suffer 用 so ... that 表結果，so 修飾副詞 wisely，說明程度大到產生後面的結果。that 子句中的 neither ... nor 連接 crops 與 fisheries 兩個主詞，動詞跟隨離它較近的 fisheries，所以用複數 suffer。這一句強調養殖業者不只顧自己的收成，也考慮周邊漁業。

even though 讓步子句與非限定 which：

even though storms, disease, and rising costs ... keep threatening every season's profit 以 even though 引導讓步，與前面的成功形成轉折：即使如此，風險依舊存在。keep threatening 為「keep + 動名詞」，表持續不斷。which no farmer can predict 是非限定關係子句，先行詞是整串 storms, disease, and rising costs，which 在子句中作 predict 的受詞，因此後面不再接受詞。這個插入語把「無法預測」的語氣放在主詞與動詞之間，讓句子在結尾前再增添一層不確定感。

（全句字數核對：80 字。）

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