misogyny（厭女） misandry（厭男）misanthrope（厭人者）

先說明：misogyny（厭女）與 misandry（厭男）是針對特定性別的敵意；misanthrope（厭人者）則是指「人」的名詞，態度本身叫 misanthropy，所以第三句用形容詞 misanthropic 修飾主詞。

第一句：厭女 misogyny（77 字）

In feminist studies of gender relations, the misogynistic attitudes belittling women's intellectual abilities and treating female bodies as objects of control were cultural prejudices that were sustained by patriarchal institutions and everyday customs, which were either excused as harmless tradition or condemned by activists and scholars who were convinced that routine contempt normalized violence, thereby restricting women's public participation by discouraging their ambition and reinforcing hierarchies that had long shaped workplaces and schools across many modern societies.

1. 結構破解

In feminist studies of gender relations,

the misogynistic attitudes

belittling women's intellectual abilities

and treating female bodies as objects of control

were cultural prejudices

that were sustained by patriarchal institutions and everyday customs,

which were either excused as harmless tradition

or condemned by activists and scholars

who were convinced that routine contempt normalized violence,

thereby restricting women's public participation

by discouraging their ambition

and reinforcing hierarchies

that had long shaped workplaces and schools

across many modern societies.

2. 分解為短句

In feminist studies of gender relations, the misogynistic attitudes were cultural prejudices.（主句骨架）

The attitudes belittled women's intellectual abilities and treated female bodies as objects of control.

The prejudices were sustained by patriarchal institutions and everyday customs.

The prejudices were either excused as harmless tradition or condemned by activists and scholars.

The activists and scholars were convinced that routine contempt normalized violence.

This restricted women's public participation by discouraging their ambition and reinforcing hierarchies across many modern societies.

The hierarchies had long shaped workplaces and schools.

3. 參考譯文

在性別關係的女性主義研究中，貶低女性智識能力、並把女性身體視為控制對象的厭女態度，是由父權制度與日常習俗所維繫的文化偏見；這些偏見若非被開脫為無害的傳統，就是受到深信日常輕蔑使暴力常態化的行動者與學者所譴責，從而藉由打擊女性的抱負並強化長期形塑職場與學校的階序，在許多現代社會中限制了女性的公共參與。

4. 組合寫作練習（請勿看例句，嘗試將短句組回原長句）

5. 補充說明

belittling / treating：現在分詞片語，取代 which belittled... and treated...

treat A as B：把 A 視為 B；belittle：「貶低」

misogyny：「厭女」，希臘文 misos（憎恨）＋ gyne（女人）；形容詞為 misogynistic

excuse A as B：把 A 開脫為 B；condemn：「譴責」

be convinced that + 子句：深信……

normalize：「使常態化」；contempt：「輕蔑」

patriarchal：「父權的」；hierarchy：「階序、層級體系」

第二句：厭男 misandry（76 字）

In debates over contemporary gender discourse, the misandric stereotypes portraying men as inherently violent and dismissing their emotional struggles as weakness were hostile generalizations that were amplified by polarized online communities, which were either defended as justified anger toward abuse or criticized by commentators who were worried that blanket suspicion damaged mutual trust, thereby discouraging men from seeking help by stigmatizing their vulnerability and undermining coalitions that had long worked to reduce violence across diverse communities.

1. 結構破解

In debates over contemporary gender discourse,

the misandric stereotypes

portraying men as inherently violent

and dismissing their emotional struggles as weakness

were hostile generalizations

that were amplified by polarized online communities,

which were either defended as justified anger toward abuse

or criticized by commentators

who were worried that blanket suspicion damaged mutual trust,

thereby discouraging men from seeking help

by stigmatizing their vulnerability

and undermining coalitions

that had long worked to reduce violence

across diverse communities.

2. 分解為短句

In debates over contemporary gender discourse, the misandric stereotypes were hostile generalizations.（主句骨架）

The stereotypes portrayed men as inherently violent and dismissed their emotional struggles as weakness.

The generalizations were amplified by polarized online communities.

The generalizations were either defended as justified anger toward abuse or criticized by commentators.

The commentators were worried that blanket suspicion damaged mutual trust.

This discouraged men from seeking help by stigmatizing their vulnerability and undermining coalitions across diverse communities.

The coalitions had long worked to reduce violence.

3. 參考譯文

在當代性別論述的辯論中，把男性描繪為天生暴力、並把其情緒困境斥為軟弱的厭男刻板印象，是由兩極化的網路社群所放大的敵意概括；這些概括若非被辯護為對虐待的正當憤怒，就是受到擔憂全面猜疑損害相互信任的評論者所批評，從而藉由汙名化男性的脆弱並削弱長期致力於減少暴力的聯盟，在多元社群中使男性打消求助的念頭。

4. 組合寫作練習（請勿看例句，嘗試將短句組回原長句）

5. 補充說明

portraying / dismissing：現在分詞片語，取代 which portrayed... and dismissed...

portray A as B：把 A 描繪為 B；dismiss A as B：把 A 斥為 B

misandry：「厭男」，希臘文 misos（憎恨）＋ andr（男人）；形容詞為 misandric

discourage A from + V-ing：使 A 打消做……的念頭（from 為介系詞，後接動名詞）

be worried that + 子句：擔憂……；blanket suspicion：「全面性的猜疑」

amplify：「放大」；polarized：「兩極化的」

stigmatize：「汙名化」；coalition：「聯盟」

第三句：厭人者 misanthrope（73 字）

In literary and philosophical studies of character, the misanthropic temperaments distrusting the sincerity of friendly gestures and avoiding crowded social gatherings were solitary dispositions that were shaped by repeated disappointment, which were either pitied as signs of wounded idealism or ridiculed by acquaintances and relatives who were accustomed to expecting constant sociability, thereby preserving personal independence by withdrawing from society and exposing the hypocrisies across polite urban communities that had long rewarded flattery.

1. 結構破解

In literary and philosophical studies of character,

the misanthropic temperaments

distrusting the sincerity of friendly gestures

and avoiding crowded social gatherings

were solitary dispositions

that were shaped by repeated disappointment,

which were either pitied as signs of wounded idealism

or ridiculed by acquaintances and relatives

who were accustomed to expecting constant sociability,

thereby preserving personal independence

by withdrawing from society

and exposing the hypocrisies

across polite urban communities

that had long rewarded flattery.

2. 分解為短句

In literary and philosophical studies of character, the misanthropic temperaments were solitary dispositions.（主句骨架）

The temperaments distrusted the sincerity of friendly gestures and avoided crowded social gatherings.

The dispositions were shaped by repeated disappointment.

The dispositions were either pitied as signs of wounded idealism or ridiculed by acquaintances and relatives.

The acquaintances and relatives were accustomed to expecting constant sociability.

This preserved personal independence by withdrawing from society and exposed the hypocrisies across polite urban communities.

The communities had long rewarded flattery.

3. 參考譯文

在對性格的文學與哲學研究中，不信任友善舉動之真誠、並迴避擁擠社交場合的厭人氣質，是由反覆失望所塑成的孤僻性情；這些性情若非被憐憫為受傷理想主義的徵象，就是被習慣期待持續社交熱絡的熟人與親戚所嘲笑，從而藉由退出社會來保全個人獨立，並揭露長期獎賞奉承的禮貌都會社群中的偽善。

4. 組合寫作練習（請勿看例句，嘗試將短句組回原長句）

5. 補充說明

distrusting / avoiding：現在分詞片語，取代 which distrusted... and avoided...

misanthrope：「厭人者」，名詞，指人；misanthropy：「厭世、憎惡人類」；形容詞為 misanthropic

字源：希臘文 misos（憎恨）＋ anthropos（人）

be accustomed to + V-ing：習慣於……（to 為介系詞，不是不定詞）

temperament：「氣質」；disposition：「性情」

pity A as B：把 A 憐憫為 B；ridicule：「嘲笑」

hypocrisy：「偽善」；flattery：「奉承」

withdraw from：「退出、抽離」；polite：「有禮貌的、上流客套的」

三句皆沿用原骨架：主句為「名詞＋現在分詞片語＋were＋名詞」，接 that 子句、which were either...or...，最後以 thereby＋V-ing 收尾。