養魚業 pisciculture

養魚業 pisciculture

● 字源

Pisciculture（養魚業、魚類養殖業）由拉丁文 piscis（「魚」）加上 cultura（「耕種、培養」）組成，字面意為「魚的培養」。此詞仿 agriculture、horticulture 等詞造出，是現代英語的通用術語。指人類在池塘、水槽、網箱等設施中繁殖、飼養與管理魚類的產業與技術，涵蓋魚苗培育、水質管理、飼料投餵、疾病防治與收成。養魚業屬於水產養殖（aquaculture）的分支，與糧食供應、漁業資源保育及水域環境保護關係密切。中文譯為「養魚業」或「魚類養殖業」。

● 例句（80字長句）

Seldom did hurried diners stop to consider that pisciculture, which asks for the careful breeding and feeding of fingerlings to stock ponds, tanks, and cages as well as to safeguard the water that keeps fish healthy, is measured less by the weight of a large harvest than by the quiet monitoring labor it requires, until a sudden outbreak, if underestimated, forced worried farmers to drain ponds that had long looked clear to their neighbors and safe from every lurking disease.

● 排列為比較容易閱讀的方式

Seldom did hurried diners stop to consider that pisciculture,

which asks for the careful breeding and feeding of fingerlings to stock ponds, tanks, and cages as well as to safeguard the water that keeps fish healthy,

is measured less by the weight of a large harvest than by the quiet monitoring labor it requires,

until a sudden outbreak,

if underestimated,

forced worried farmers to drain ponds

that had long looked clear to their neighbors and safe from every lurking disease.

● 分解為原初的短小句

Hurried diners seldom stopped to consider something.

（Seldom 置句首，主詞與助動詞倒裝為 did hurried diners；stop to consider 為「停下來去思考」，to consider 為不定詞，表目的；consider 後接 that 名詞子句。）

Pisciculture asks for the careful breeding and feeding of fingerlings.

（which 非限定關係子句；ask for 表「需要、要求」；breeding and feeding 為並列名詞，of fingerlings 表對象；careful 修飾兩個並列名詞。）

The breeding and feeding stock ponds, tanks, and cages.

（to stock 為不定詞片語，表目的；stock 在此作動詞，指「放養、備置魚群於」；三項名詞以逗號並列。）

The breeding and feeding also safeguard the water.

（as well as to safeguard 與前一目的並列。）

The water keeps fish healthy.

（that keeps fish healthy 為限定關係子句，修飾 water；keep + 受詞 + 形容詞，表「使維持某種狀態」。）

Pisciculture is measured less by the weight than by the labor.

（less A than B 表「與其憑 A，不如憑 B」；is measured 為被動語態。）

A large harvest has weight.

（of a large harvest 說明 weight 的來源，指一次大豐收的重量。）

Pisciculture requires the quiet monitoring labor.

（the quiet monitoring labor it requires 省略了關係代名詞 that；monitoring 為動名詞作修飾語，quiet 為形容詞。）

A sudden outbreak forced worried farmers to drain ponds.

（until 引導時間副詞子句；force + 受詞 + to 不定詞，表「迫使某人做某事」；drain 在此為及物動詞，指「排乾（池水）」；worried 修飾 farmers。）

The sudden outbreak was underestimated.

（if underestimated 為省略「主詞＋be」的條件子句。）

The ponds had long looked clear to their neighbors and safe from every lurking disease.

（that had long looked ... 為限定關係子句；過去完成式表「此前很久以來一直」；look + 形容詞表「看起來」；clear 與 safe 為形容詞，兩者並列；to their neighbors 引出判斷的對象，from every lurking disease 說明所防範的對象。）

● 文法解析

Seldom 否定副詞倒裝結構：

Seldom did hurried diners stop to consider 以否定副詞置句首，助動詞 did 移到主詞 hurried diners 之前，語氣比 Hurried diners seldom stopped to consider 更強。倒裝只作用於主句，that 之後的名詞子句恢復正常語序。本句把倒裝放在最前面，卻把 until 子句留到最後，讀者要讀完整個 that 子句，才知道「很少思考」其實是「直到疫病爆發才明白」。

which 非限定子句與 as well as：

pisciculture, which asks for ... 插在主詞 pisciculture 與謂語 is measured 之間，屬補充說明。to stock ponds, tanks, and cages as well as to safeguard the water 以 as well as 把「放養」與「守護水質」兩個不定詞目的並列，說明養魚業不只是把魚放進池裡，也要維護水體。that keeps fish healthy 再以限定關係子句說明水的作用，其中 keep ... healthy 是「使維持健康」的結構。

less ... than 比較結構與省略關係代名詞：

is measured less by the weight of a large harvest than by the quiet monitoring labor it requires 以 less A than B 作價值翻轉：衡量養魚業的標準，收成的重量較低，默默的監測勞動較高。the quiet monitoring labor it requires 省略了受格關係代名詞 that，是限定關係子句中常見的省略；of a large harvest 使「重量」的來源具體化。

until 子句與 if underestimated 省略結構：

until a sudden outbreak ... forced worried farmers to drain ponds 以 until 引入轉折，說明認知的改變要等到危機出現。if underestimated 夾在主詞 outbreak 與謂語 forced 之間，為 if it is underestimated 的省略，省略了「主詞＋be」，it 指 a sudden outbreak。這個插入語使主詞與動詞隔開，閱讀時要先記住 outbreak，等到 forced 才連得上。forced ... to drain 為「使役動詞＋受詞＋不定詞」結構。

that had long looked clear to their neighbors and safe from every lurking disease：

that 引導限定關係子句修飾 ponds，代替 ponds 作子句主詞。had long looked 使用過去完成式，表示在疫病爆發之前，鄰居長久以來都認為這些池水清澈且無病害，與主句過去式 forced 形成對照，呈現「長久以為安全，後來才發現脆弱」的反轉。clear 與 safe 以 and 並列作補語，各自接 to 與 from 的片語，呼應全句「默默的監測勞動比收成的重量更重要」的主旨。

（全句字數核對：80 字。）

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