養豬業 Porciculture

養豬業 Porciculture

● 字源

Porciculture（養豬業）由拉丁文 porcus（「豬」）加上 cultura（「耕種、培養」）組成，字面意為「豬的飼養」。此詞同樣是仿 agriculture、apiculture 等詞造出的複合詞，極為罕見，多數詞典未收，一般英語更常說 pig farming、hog farming 或 swine production。指人類繁育、飼養豬隻的產業，用途包括供應肉品、油脂與皮革，也涵蓋豬舍、牧場與屠宰場的經營。養豬業屬於畜牧業，與食品產業、動物福利、環境汙染議題關係密切。中文譯為「養豬業」。

● 例句（80字長句）

Seldom did townspeople pause to reflect that porciculture, which demands the patient breeding and feeding of swine to supply kitchens, markets, ships, and garrisons as well as to sustain the sties and stockyards that keep herds healthy, is judged less by the plenty of a feast than by the steady, humble labor it requires, until public outrage, if disregarded, forced careless and greedy owners to close farms that had long seemed profitable to their masters and hidden from their neighbors.

● 排列為比較容易閱讀的方式

Seldom did townspeople pause to reflect that porciculture,

which demands the patient breeding and feeding of swine to supply kitchens, markets, ships, and garrisons as well as to sustain the sties and stockyards that keep herds healthy,

is judged less by the plenty of a feast than by the steady, humble labor it requires,

until public outrage,

if disregarded,

forced careless and greedy owners to close farms

that had long seemed profitable to their masters and hidden from their neighbors.

● 分解為原初的短小句

Townspeople seldom paused to reflect on something.

（Seldom 置句首，主詞與助動詞倒裝為 did townspeople；pause to reflect 為「停下來去思考」，to reflect 為不定詞，表目的；reflect 後接 that 名詞子句。）

Porciculture demands the patient breeding and feeding of swine.

（which 非限定關係子句，demand 表「需要、要求」；breeding and feeding 為並列名詞，of swine 表對象；patient 修飾兩個並列名詞。）

The breeding and feeding supply kitchens, markets, ships, and garrisons with pork.

（to supply 為不定詞片語，表目的；supply A 在此指「供應豬肉給 A」，with pork 為語意上被省略的部分；四項名詞以逗號並列。）

The breeding and feeding also sustain the sties and stockyards.

（as well as to sustain 與前一目的並列。）

The sties and stockyards keep herds healthy.

（that keep ... healthy 為限定關係子句，修飾 sties and stockyards；keep + 受詞 + 形容詞，表「使維持某種狀態」。）

Porciculture is judged less by the plenty than by the labor.

（less A than B 表「與其憑 A，不如憑 B」；is judged 為被動語態。）

A feast is plentiful.

（of a feast 說明 plenty 的來源，指餐桌上的豐盛。）

Porciculture requires the steady, humble labor.

（the steady, humble labor it requires 省略了關係代名詞 that；steady 與 humble 為並列形容詞，以逗號分隔。）

Public outrage forced careless and greedy owners to close farms.

（until 引導時間副詞子句；force + 受詞 + to 不定詞，表「迫使某人做某事」；careless 與 greedy 為並列形容詞。）

The public outrage was disregarded.

（if disregarded 為省略「主詞＋be」的條件子句。）

The farms had long seemed profitable to their masters and hidden from their neighbors.

（that had long seemed ... 為限定關係子句；過去完成式表「此前很久以來一直」；profitable 為形容詞，hidden 為過去分詞作形容詞，兩者並列；to their masters 與 from their neighbors 分別引出判斷與隱藏的對象。）

● 文法解析

Seldom 否定副詞倒裝結構：

Seldom did townspeople pause to reflect 以否定副詞置句首，助動詞 did 移到主詞 townspeople 之前，語氣比 Townspeople seldom paused to reflect 更強。倒裝只作用於主句，that 之後的名詞子句恢復正常語序。本句把倒裝放在最前面，卻把 until 子句留到最後，讀者要讀完整個 that 子句，才知道「很少思考」其實是「直到輿論譁然才思考」。

which 非限定子句與 as well as：

porciculture, which demands ... 插在主詞 porciculture 與謂語 is judged 之間，屬補充說明。to supply kitchens, markets, ships, and garrisons as well as to sustain the sties and stockyards 以 as well as 把「供應豬肉」與「維持豬舍與牧場」兩個不定詞目的並列，說明養豬業不只是飼養牲畜。that keep herds healthy 再以限定關係子句說明豬舍與牧場的作用，其中 keep ... healthy 是「使維持健康」的結構。

less ... than 比較結構與省略關係代名詞：

is judged less by the plenty of a feast than by the steady, humble labor it requires 以 less A than B 作價值翻轉：衡量養豬業的標準，筵席的豐盛較低，日復一日的辛勞較高。the steady, humble labor it requires 省略了受格關係代名詞 that，是限定關係子句中常見的省略；of a feast 使「豐盛」的來源具體化。

until 子句與 if disregarded 省略結構：

until public outrage ... forced careless and greedy owners to close farms 以 until 引入轉折，說明認知的改變要等到危機出現。if disregarded 夾在主詞 outrage 與謂語 forced 之間，為 if it is disregarded 的省略，省略了「主詞＋be」，it 指 public outrage。這個插入語使主詞與動詞隔開，閱讀時要先記住 outrage，等到 forced 才連得上。forced ... to close 為「使役動詞＋受詞＋不定詞」結構。

that had long seemed profitable to their masters and hidden from their neighbors：

that 引導限定關係子句修飾 farms，代替 farms 作子句主詞。had long seemed 使用過去完成式，表示在輿論譁然之前，人們長久以來都認為這些養豬場獲利豐厚且不受注意，與主句過去式 forced 形成對照，呈現「長久以為穩固，後來才發現脆弱」的反轉。profitable 與 hidden 詞性不同（形容詞與過去分詞），卻以 and 並列，各自接 to 與 from 的片語，呼應全句「踏實辛勞比豐盛筵席更重要」的主旨。

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