傳統動力與核動力潛艦 Submarines

 傳統動力與核動力潛艦 Submarines（131 字）

Although conventional diesel-electric submarines, which must surface or raise a snorkel every few days to recharge their batteries, are cheaper to build, easier to maintain and able to run almost silently on battery power while submerged, it is nuclear-powered boats that can cross oceans at high speed, keep pace with carrier groups and stay underwater for months, limited only by the food on board, a capability so costly, complex and dependent on skilled crews that only a handful of navies, including those of the United States, Russia and China, have mastered it, while countries such as Japan, with its focus on quiet coastal defense, keep building conventional boats and Australia, rather than design its own reactors, plans to acquire nuclear submarines through the AUKUS partnership with the United States and Britain.

1. 結構破解

Although conventional diesel-electric submarines,

which must surface or raise a snorkel every few days to recharge their batteries,

are cheaper to build,

easier to maintain

and able to run almost silently on battery power while submerged,

it is nuclear-powered boats

that can cross oceans at high speed,

keep pace with carrier groups

and stay underwater for months,

limited only by the food on board,

a capability so costly, complex and dependent on skilled crews

that only a handful of navies, including those of the United States, Russia and China, have mastered it,

while countries such as Japan, with its focus on quiet coastal defense, keep building conventional boats

and Australia, rather than design its own reactors, plans to acquire nuclear submarines through the AUKUS partnership with the United States and Britain.

2. 分解為短句

Nuclear-powered boats can stay underwater for months.（主句骨架）

Conventional submarines are diesel-electric.

They must surface or raise a snorkel every few days.

They do this to recharge their batteries.

They are cheaper to build.

They are easier to maintain.

They can run almost silently on battery power while submerged.

Nuclear-powered boats can cross oceans at high speed.

They can keep pace with carrier groups.

Their endurance is limited only by the food on board.

This is a capability.

The capability is costly, complex and dependent on skilled crews.

Only a handful of navies have mastered it.

The United States, Russia and China are among them.

Countries such as Japan keep building conventional boats.

Japan focuses on quiet coastal defense.

Australia does not design its own reactors.

Australia plans to acquire nuclear submarines.

It will do so through the AUKUS partnership with the United States and Britain.

3. 參考譯文

雖然傳統的柴電潛艦每隔幾天就必須浮出水面或升起通氣管為電池充電，但造價較低、維護較容易，而且在水下靠電池航行時幾乎無聲，真正能高速橫越大洋、跟上航艦戰鬥群，並在水下待上數月的，是核動力潛艦，其續航僅受船上糧食限制。這種能力成本高、技術複雜，又仰賴熟練的艦員，因此只有少數海軍，包括美國、俄羅斯與中國，真正掌握了它。至於日本等國，著眼於安靜的近岸防衛，持續建造傳統潛艦；澳洲則不自行設計反應爐，而是計畫透過與美國及英國的 AUKUS 夥伴關係取得核動力潛艦。

4. 組合寫作練習（請勿看例句，嘗試將短句組回原長句）

5. 補充說明

句型創新：本句以 Although 讓步子句開頭，並在子句主詞後插入 which 非限定關係子句。主句改用 it is ... that ... 的強調句型，把 nuclear-powered boats 推到焦點。that 子句後接過去分詞片語 limited only by ...（分詞構句），再以同位語 a capability so ... that ... 搭配「如此……以至於」的結果句型補充說明。最後用 while 做對比，並在 Australia 後插入 rather than design ... 的插入語。

submarine：「潛艦」；diesel-electric：「柴電動力的」；snorkel：「通氣管」

submerged：「潛航中的、在水下的」；carrier group：「航艦戰鬥群」

mastered：「掌握、精通」；coastal defense：「近岸防衛」；reactor：「反應爐」

acquire：「取得」；partnership：「夥伴關係」

文法提醒：

Although 子句的主詞是 submarines，真正的動詞是 are；which must surface ... 只是插入的補充說明。

are cheaper to build, easier to maintain and able to run ... 是三個並列的形容詞結構，共用 are。

it is ... that ... 是強調句，去掉 it is 和 that 後，句子仍然完整：nuclear-powered boats can cross oceans ...。

cross, keep, stay 是三個並列的原形動詞，共用 can。

limited only by ... 是過去分詞片語，意思是「被……所限制」，修飾前面整個主句內容。

a capability 是前面整串能力的同位語；so costly, complex and dependent on skilled crews that ... 是「如此……以至於」。

while 在這裡表對比，連接 countries such as Japan ... keep building 和 Australia ... plans to acquire 兩個分句。

rather than design 中，rather than 後面接原形動詞，是插入語，不影響主詞 Australia 和動詞 plans。

舉例：

傳統動力潛艦：柴油機發電、水下以電池推進，需定期浮出或使用通氣管充電；新型艦艇常加裝不依賴空氣推進系統（AIP）或鋰電池，以延長水下時間。

核動力潛艦：核反應爐可長期供電，水下續航力理論上只受艦員補給限制；目前擁有核動力潛艦的國家有美國、俄羅斯、中國、英國、法國與印度。

AUKUS：澳洲、英國、美國於 2021 年成立的安全夥伴關係，其中一項重點是協助澳洲取得核動力潛艦。

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