佛教的三毒貪瞋癡 Three Poisons

 佛教的三毒貪瞋癡 Three Poisons（124 字）

In discussions of Buddhist psychology, the Three Poisons, which name greed as the grasping that clings to pleasure and possessions, hatred as the aversion that lashes out at whatever obstructs desire, and delusion as the ignorance that mistakes impermanent things for lasting ones, are a root-cause framework that is depicted at the center of the Wheel of Life by a rooster, a snake, and a pig, so that they are either admired for tracing countless harmful acts back to three mental sources or questioned by critics who are concerned that reducing human misery to inner defects may overlook social and economic causes, yet they continue to guide a practice that has long aims at transforming these poisons into generosity, loving-kindness, and wisdom across Asian societies.

1. 結構破解

In discussions of Buddhist psychology,

the Three Poisons,

which name greed as the grasping that clings to pleasure and possessions,

hatred as the aversion that lashes out at whatever obstructs desire,

and delusion as the ignorance that mistakes impermanent things for lasting ones,

are a root-cause framework

that is depicted at the center of the Wheel of Life by a rooster, a snake, and a pig,

so that they are either admired for tracing countless harmful acts back to three mental sources

or questioned by critics

who are concerned that reducing human misery to inner defects may overlook social and economic causes,

yet they continue to guide a practice

that has long aimed at transforming these poisons into generosity, loving-kindness, and wisdom

across Asian societies.

2. 分解為短句

In discussions of Buddhist psychology, the Three Poisons are a root-cause framework.（主句骨架）

The Poisons name greed as the grasping that clings to pleasure and possessions.

The Poisons name hatred as the aversion that lashes out at whatever obstructs desire.

The Poisons name delusion as the ignorance that mistakes impermanent things for lasting ones.

The framework is depicted at the center of the Wheel of Life by a rooster, a snake, and a pig.

The Poisons are either admired for tracing countless harmful acts back to three mental sources or questioned by critics.

The critics are concerned that reducing human misery to inner defects may overlook social and economic causes.

Yet the Poisons continue to guide a practice across Asian societies.

The practice has long aimed at transforming these poisons into generosity, loving-kindness, and wisdom.

3. 參考譯文

在關於佛教心理學的討論中，將貪界定為執著並緊抓快樂與財物、將瞋界定為對任何阻礙欲望之事物的厭惡與攻擊、將癡界定為把無常之物誤認為恆常之物的無明的三毒，是一套尋根溯源式的架構，在生死輪迴圖的中心以公雞、蛇與豬來描繪；它們若非因把無數有害行為追溯至三個心理根源而受推崇，就是受到擔憂把人類苦難歸因於內在缺陷可能忽略社會與經濟因素的批評者所質疑，然而它們仍持續引導一種長期致力於將這些毒轉化為布施、慈愛與智慧的修行，這種情形遍及亞洲社會。

4. 組合寫作練習（請勿看例句，嘗試將短句組回原長句）

5. 補充說明

句型創新：本句以 which name A as X, B as Y, and C as Z 並列三毒的定義，各接一個 that 子句說明其作用；再以 so that ... yet ... 先評價、後轉折，與前例的分詞片語或動詞並列句型不同。

Three Poisons：「三毒」；greed：「貪」；hatred：「瞋」；delusion：「癡」

grasping：「執取」；cling to：「緊抓」；aversion：「厭惡」

lash out at：「抨擊、發洩於」；obstruct：「阻礙」；mistake A for B：把 A 誤認為 B

impermanent：「無常的」；root-cause：「根本原因的」；depict：「描繪」

Wheel of Life：「生死輪迴圖」（藏傳佛教常見，中心為雞、蛇、豬）；rooster：「公雞」；snake：「蛇」；pig：「豬」

trace A back to B：把 A 追溯至 B；generosity：「布施、慷慨」；loving-kindness：「慈愛」

此句的 which 指代 Three Poisons；critics 後接 who；practice 後接 that has

舉例：

輪迴圖中心的三種動物：公雞（貪）、蛇（瞋）、豬（癡），彼此相咬，象徵三毒互相牽動

戒定慧對治三毒：以戒對治貪、以定對治瞋、以慧對治癡（另一常見說法是以布施、慈悲、智慧分別對治）

貪瞋癡與三善根：無貪、無瞋、無癡是三毒的反面。

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