旅行文學（遊記）的魅力 Why Travel Writing Is About Being Changed 環保文學的魅力 Why Environmental Writing Makes Loss Felt

題目一：旅行文學（遊記）的魅力 Why Travel Writing Is About Being Changed

What separates memorable travel writing from a mere list of sights is the writer's willingness to be changed by the journey, so that a missed train, an unexpected kindness or an argument with a stranger becomes as revealing as any famous monument, the traveler, once confident of knowing what to look for, learning instead to see how much of the world resists being summed up, a lesson that, whether the destination is a remote village or a crowded capital, leaves readers questioning their own habits of looking at home.

（89 字）

1. 結構破解

What separates memorable travel writing

from a mere list of sights

is the writer's willingness to be changed by the journey,

so that a missed train, an unexpected kindness or an argument with a stranger

becomes as revealing as any famous monument,

the traveler, once confident of knowing what to look for,

learning instead to see

how much of the world resists being summed up,

a lesson that,

whether the destination is a remote village or a crowded capital,

leaves readers questioning their own habits of looking at home.

2. 分解為短句

Something separates memorable travel writing from a mere list of sights.（What 子句，作主詞）

It is the writer's willingness to be changed by the journey.（主句骨架）

A train is missed.

A stranger shows unexpected kindness.

The writer argues with a stranger.

Each event becomes as revealing as any famous monument.（結果）

The traveler was once confident.

The traveler knew what to look for.

The traveler learns something instead.

The world resists being summed up.

This is a lesson.

The destination may be a remote village or a crowded capital.

The lesson leaves readers questioning something.

They question their own habits of looking at home.

3. 參考譯文

區分令人難忘的旅行文學與單純景點清單的，是作者願意被旅程改變：一趟錯過的火車、一次意外的善意，或與陌生人的一場爭執，都可以和任何著名古蹟一樣有啟發性。旅人起初自信知道該看什麼，後來卻學到世界有多麼不肯被簡單概括。這個體悟無論目的地是偏遠村落或擁擠首都，都讓讀者反思自己在家鄉看事情的習慣。

4. 組合寫作練習（請勿看例句，嘗試將短句組回原長句）

5. 補充說明

句型創新：以 What 開頭的準分裂句（pseudo-cleft）：What ... is ... 先拋出問題、再給答案。中段用 so that 帶出結果，並接獨立分詞構句（the traveler ... learning ...），句尾以 a lesson that ... 同位語加上 whether ... or ... 的插入讓步，最後用 leaves readers + 現在分詞 收束。

單字：

itinerary：「行程」（相關延伸）；mere：「僅僅的」

willingness：「願意」；revealing：「有啟發的、揭露性的」

monument：「古蹟、紀念建築」；resist：「抗拒」

sum up：「概括、總結」；habit：「習慣」

文法提醒：

What separates A from B 是名詞子句作主詞，後面的動詞 is 要用單數。separate A from B 是「把 A 與 B 區分開」。

so that a missed train, ... becomes ... 中，三個名詞（train、kindness、argument）合起來被視為「一類事件」，動詞用單數 becomes，這是意義上的一致。as revealing as any ... 是同級比較。

the traveler, once confident of ..., learning ... 是獨立分詞構句（absolute construction），主詞 the traveler 與主句主詞不同，所以要自己帶主詞。once confident of ... 是省略 who was 的插入語。

learning instead to see how much of the world resists being summed up 中，see 後面接名詞子句，how much of the world 是主詞；resists 後接動名詞 being summed up（被動），因為 resist 後面要接 V-ing。

a lesson that, whether ..., leaves readers questioning ... 中，that 修飾 lesson，插入的 whether 子句夾在 that 與動詞之間；leave + 受詞 + V-ing 表「使……處於……狀態」。

舉例：《徐霞客遊記》（明代）以考察山川地貌的精確記錄聞名，兼具地理與文學價值；三毛的《撒哈拉的故事》（1976）寫沙漠生活與人際相遇，讓許多華文讀者開始嚮往遠方；布魯斯·查特文的《在巴塔哥尼亞》（1977）把旅程寫成對故事、人物與歷史的追尋，常被視為現代英語旅行文學的代表。

一點提醒：旅行文學也有值得反省的一面，早期西方遊記常帶有殖民視角，把異地寫成「奇特」或「落後」的他者，所以今天讀者更重視作者如何面對當地人。本句的 willingness to be changed 描述的是「好的遊記」常見的特質，並不是說所有遊記都如此。

題目二：環保文學的魅力 Why Environmental Writing Makes Loss Felt

Much as scientific reports can measure melting glaciers and vanishing species, only by lingering over a single river, a dying forest or a fading birdsong does environmental literature make readers feel what such losses mean to those who live beside them, an intimacy that persuades far more deeply than alarm ever could, and that, were it to disappear from our reading, would leave us treating nature as distant scenery rather than as the fragile system in which we ourselves live and for which we are answerable.

（88 字）

1. 結構破解

Much as scientific reports can measure

melting glaciers and vanishing species,

only by lingering over a single river, a dying forest or a fading birdsong

does environmental literature make readers feel

what such losses mean to those who live beside them,

an intimacy that persuades far more deeply than alarm ever could,

and that, were it to disappear from our reading,

would leave us treating nature as distant scenery

rather than as the fragile system

in which we ourselves live

and for which we are answerable.

2. 分解為短句

Scientific reports can measure melting glaciers.（Much as 讓步）

They can also measure vanishing species.

Environmental literature lingers over a single river, a dying forest or a fading birdsong.（Only by 的方式）

It makes readers feel something.

Such losses mean something to people.

The people live beside the losses.

This is an intimacy.

The intimacy persuades deeply.

Alarm could never persuade so deeply.

The intimacy might disappear from our reading.

We would treat nature as distant scenery.

We would not treat it as a fragile system.

We live in the system.

We are answerable for the system.

3. 參考譯文

儘管科學報告能夠測量消融的冰川與消失中的物種，環境文學卻唯有透過在一條河、一片垂死的森林或一段漸弱的鳥鳴上流連，才能讓讀者感受到這些損失對住在其旁的人意味著什麼。這種親密感，說服力遠勝於警訊。要是它從我們的閱讀中消失，我們就會把自然當成遙遠的風景，而不是我們身處其中、也必須對它負責的脆弱系統。

4. 組合寫作練習（請勿看例句，嘗試將短句組回原長句）

5. 補充說明

句型創新：以 Much as 引導讓步子句開頭（相當於 although），主句用 Only by + 動名詞 的限制副詞片語倒裝（does literature make），再以 an intimacy that ... 同位語延伸。後段用省略 if 的 were it to + 原形動詞 假設語氣，並以 as ... rather than as ... 對比，最後用 in which ... and for which ... 兩個平行關係子句收束。

單字：

glacier：「冰川」；vanishing：「消失中的」

linger over：「在……上流連、細細品味」；intimacy：「親密感」

alarm：「警報、驚恐」；scenery：「風景」

fragile：「脆弱的」；answerable：「負有責任的」

文法提醒：

Much as ... 這裡的 as 表讓步，意思是「儘管」，語氣比 although 更有文學感；後面的子句要用完整的主詞與動詞（scientific reports can measure ...）。

only by lingering over ... does environmental literature make ... 是倒裝。當 Only + 副詞片語置於句首，主句要倒裝：助動詞 does + 主詞 + 原形動詞（make），而不是 literature makes。

make readers feel what such losses mean 中，make + 受詞 + 原形動詞（feel）是使役用法；what such losses mean 是名詞子句，作 feel 的受詞。to those who live beside them 的 those who 指「那些人」。

an intimacy that persuades ... than alarm ever could 的 could 後面省略了 persuade，ever could 表「無論如何都做不到」。

and that, were it to disappear ..., would leave ... 中，第二個 that 與前面的 that 並列，同樣修飾 intimacy。were it to disappear 是省略 if 的倒裝假設（相當於 if it were to disappear），主句用 would + 原形動詞。

leave us treating nature as ... rather than as ... 中，treat A as B 是「把 A 當作 B」，rather than as 後面與前面的 as 平行。in which we ... live and for which we are answerable 兩個關係子句共同修飾 system，介系詞（in、for）要跟著動詞搭配：live in、answerable for。

舉例：梭羅的《湖濱散記》（1854）記錄他在湖邊獨居的生活與自然觀察，被視為美國自然書寫的經典；瑞秋·卡森的《寂靜的春天》（1962）揭露農藥對生態的危害，促成大眾對環境問題的關注；吳明益的《複眼人》（2011）結合臺灣的島嶼景觀與海洋垃圾議題，以奇幻筆法寫出人與自然的關係。

一點提醒：環保文學包含散文、報導、小說等多種文類，立場與風格差異很大。《寂靜的春天》是以文學筆法寫成的科學報導，並非小說。另外，也有人批評部分自然書寫把自然浪漫化，忽略了在地居民的生活處境。本句用 only by ... 描述的是文學能發揮的一種特殊力量，並不是否定科學報告的價值。