毛姆的《人性枷鎖》:一個人如何掙脫情感的奴役 Somerset Maugham's Of Human Bondage

毛姆的《人性枷鎖》:一個人如何掙脫情感的奴役 Somerset Maugham's Of Human Bondage

● 字源與文學史概念

**bondage(束縛、奴役)**來自中古英語 bondage,字根 bond 原指「農奴、佃戶」,源自古北歐語 bóndi(農夫、戶主),後來受 bind(綁)的影響,詞義轉為「被綑綁的人」。servitude 與斯賓諾莎原書名中的拉丁文 servitus(奴役)同源。**orphan(孤兒)**來自希臘文 orphanos(失去父母的)。**vicarage(牧師住宅)**來自 vicar,拉丁文 vicarius(代理人),指代理教區主持人的牧師。**obsession(迷戀)**來自拉丁文 obsidēre(圍困),字面意思是「被圍城」。**humiliate(羞辱)**來自拉丁文 humus(土地),字面意思是「壓到地上」。

背景:

**Bildungsroman(成長小說):**德文 Bildung(教養、成長)加 Roman(小說),描寫主角從少年到成熟的歷程,《人性枷鎖》常被歸入此類。

**書名來源:**取自斯賓諾莎《倫理學》第四部的標題,拉丁文是 De Servitute Humana,英譯作 Of Human Bondage, or the Strength of the Emotions(論人的奴役,或情感的力量)。

**毛姆(1874–1965):**生於巴黎,幼年喪親,後來在英國由叔父(牧師)撫養,學醫,但後來成為作家。他自己有口吃,小說主角則是畸形足。

同源與核心詞彙:bondage(束縛)、servitude(奴役)、orphan(孤兒)、obsession(迷戀)、humiliate(羞辱)、Bildungsroman(成長小說)

● 全新例句(99 字長句)

Taking its title from a part title in Spinoza's Ethics, Of Human Bondage, which Somerset Maugham published in 1915 and insisted was fiction rather than autobiography, traces Philip Carey, an orphan with a club foot, from a Kent vicarage through Heidelberg, Paris and a London hospital, a journey in the course of which, the more a waitress named Mildred humiliates him, the more tightly he clings to her, and it is a Persian rug, whose pattern persuades him that life needs no meaning beyond its living, that finally helps him accept an ordinary happiness he might otherwise have refused.

● 排列為比較容易閱讀的方式

Taking its title

　from a part title in Spinoza's Ethics,

Of Human Bondage,

　which Somerset Maugham published in 1915

　and insisted was fiction rather than autobiography,

traces Philip Carey,

　an orphan with a club foot,

　from a Kent vicarage

　through Heidelberg, Paris and a London hospital,

a journey in the course of which,

　the more a waitress named Mildred humiliates him,

　the more tightly he clings to her,

and it is a Persian rug,

　whose pattern persuades him

　that life needs no meaning beyond its living,

that finally helps him accept an ordinary happiness

　he might otherwise have refused.

● 分解為原初的短小句

The novel takes its title from a part title in Spinoza's Ethics.

(句首現在分詞構句的還原。)

Somerset Maugham published the novel in 1915.

(which 子句第一部分的還原。)

Maugham insisted the novel was fiction rather than autobiography.

(which 子句第二部分的還原;與上句共用先行詞。)

Of Human Bondage traces Philip Carey.

(全句主幹。)

Philip Carey is an orphan with a club foot.

(同位語的還原。)

The novel traces Philip from a Kent vicarage through Heidelberg, Paris and a London hospital.

(from...through... 的還原。)

The journey is long.

(a journey 的還原,用來接 in the course of which。)

A waitress named Mildred humiliates Philip.

(the more 子句的還原。)

Philip clings tightly to her.

(第二個 the more 子句的還原。)

A Persian rug finally helps Philip accept an ordinary happiness.

(強調句的還原。)

The rug's pattern persuades Philip that life needs no meaning beyond its living.

(whose 子句的還原。)

Philip might otherwise have refused the happiness.

(省略關係代名詞的子句的還原。)

● 全新文法解析

1. 現在分詞構句放句首,加插入 which 子句(同一先行詞兼作兩個動詞的對象與主詞)

句型:Taking + 受詞, + 主詞, + which + 人名 + 動詞1 + and + 動詞2 + 補語, + 主要動詞

作用:Taking its title... 表示附帶說明,主詞是 Of Human Bondage。which 子句內有兩個動詞:published 的受詞是 which,insisted was fiction 的主詞也是 which(insisted 後省略 that 與重複的 it)。這種「一個 which 兼擔兩個位置」的寫法常見於正式書面語。

關鍵詞彙:take one's title from(書名取自)、insist(堅持說)、fiction(虛構)、autobiography(自傳)

2. 動詞加受詞加同位語加 from...through... 路徑

句型:traces + 人名, + 同位語, + from A + through B, C and D

作用:an orphan with a club foot 是 Philip Carey 的同位語。from...through... 表示旅程的起點與經過的地方,through 後面三個並列地點(Heidelberg、Paris、London hospital)讓句子延伸。

關鍵詞彙:trace(追蹤敘述)、orphan(孤兒)、club foot(畸形足)、vicarage(牧師住宅)

3. 同位名詞加 in the course of which(介系詞加關係代名詞),內含 the more...the more... 比較

句型:a journey in the course of which, + the more + 子句, + the more + 子句

作用:a journey 是前面整段路程的同位語,in the course of which 是「介系詞 + 關係代名詞」,which 指 journey,意思是「在這段旅程中」。其中插入 the more...the more...(越……越……),表示兩種變化同步增強。

關鍵詞彙:in the course of(在……過程中)、the more...the more(越……越)、humiliate(羞辱)、cling to(緊抓)

4. 強調句 it is X that...,被強調的成分帶有 whose 子句,內含 help + 受詞 + 原形與 might otherwise have p.p.

句型:it is + 名詞, + whose + 名詞 + 動詞 + that 子句, + that + 動詞 + 受詞 + 原形 + 受詞

作用:強調句把 a Persian rug 提到句首以強調它。whose pattern persuades him that... 插在被強調成分中,使被強調成分很長,後面 that 才拉回強調句的後半。help him accept 是 help + 受詞 + 原形動詞。he might otherwise have refused 是省略關係代名詞的子句,otherwise 隱含「如果沒有這個領悟」的條件,might have p.p. 表示對過去的推測。

關鍵詞彙:it is...that(強調句)、persuade(說服)、otherwise(否則)、ordinary(平凡的)

● 參考翻譯

《人性枷鎖》的書名取自斯賓諾莎《倫理學》中一部分的標題。毛姆在 1915 年出版此書,並堅稱它是虛構小說,而不是自傳。小說追蹤腳有畸形的孤兒菲利普·凱瑞,從肯特郡的牧師住宅,經過海德堡、巴黎和倫敦的一家醫院。在這段旅程中,一個名叫米爾德麗德的女侍者越是羞辱他,他就越是緊抓著她不放。最後,是一塊波斯地毯,其圖案讓他相信人生不需要超出生活本身的意義,這才幫助他接受了一種他原本可能會拒絕的平凡幸福。

● 逆向工程(請嘗試不看原文,還原長句)

The novel takes its title from a part title in Spinoza's Ethics.

Somerset Maugham published the novel in 1915.

Maugham insisted the novel was fiction rather than autobiography.

Of Human Bondage traces Philip Carey.

Philip Carey is an orphan with a club foot.

The novel traces Philip from a Kent vicarage through Heidelberg, Paris and a London hospital.

The journey is long.

A waitress named Mildred humiliates Philip.

Philip clings tightly to her.

A Persian rug finally helps Philip accept an ordinary happiness.

The rug's pattern persuades Philip that life needs no meaning beyond its living.

Philip might otherwise have refused the happiness.

對照完整句子:見上方「全新例句」。

**補充說明:**全句已用程式逐字核算為 99 字,在一貫的 90 至 140 字範圍內。本篇的句型與前面各篇不重複:句首現在分詞構句加 which 兼任兩個位置、同位語加 from...through...、in the course of which 加 the more...the more...、強調句加 whose 子句加 might otherwise have p.p.。

後記

**「堅稱是虛構」:**毛姆在後來的序文中說這本書是「自傳性小說」,事實與虛構交織,而不是自傳。句中 insisted was fiction rather than autobiography 是簡化。

書名來源:《倫理學》共五部,第四部的標題是 Of Human Bondage, or the Strength of the Emotions,所以句中用 part title,而不是 chapter heading。

**肯特郡與牧師住宅:**菲利普由叔父(牧師)撫養,住在虛構的小鎮 Blackstable(一般認為原型是肯特郡的 Whitstable)。句中只寫 a Kent vicarage,沒有用虛構地名。

**旅程順序:**菲利普的經歷大致是:學校、海德堡、巴黎學畫、回倫敦學醫與會計,情節並非單線。句中的順序是概括。我記得他讀的是虛構的聖路加醫院,句中只寫 a London hospital。

**米爾德麗德的身分:**她是茶店女侍者(waitress)。她對菲利普的羞辱與他的迷戀是全書主線之一,句中的 the more...the more 是概括,不代表每次情節都符合。

**波斯地毯:**地毯是克朗肖(Cronshaw)送給菲利普的禮物,隱含「人生像織毯,織工為自己的愉悅編織圖案,未必有『意義』」的比喻。句中說它 persuades him,是簡化。另外,菲利普擺脫米爾德麗德的過程,主要靠時間與環境(包括她的遭遇),不是單靠這個領悟,所以句中沒有說地毯「使他擺脫了她」。

**結局:**結尾是他決定與莎莉結婚,並接受平凡生活,所以句中寫 ordinary happiness。這一點的詮釋有不同看法,有人視為妥協,有人視為成熟。

**毛姆自身的對應:**毛姆有口吃,菲利普是畸形足,一般認為毛姆有意改寫,但具體程度學者有不同說法。毛姆曾學醫,但沒有行醫。

**「孤兒」:**菲利普約九歲時雙親都已過世,由叔父撫養,所以稱 orphan。

留言

張貼留言

這個網誌中的熱門文章

古代三大陸 58個英文字一句話 學術型超複雜文法結構長難句 說明古代三大陸由來

【丁連財的英文學術型超複雜文法結構長難句】58個英文字一句話 學術型超複雜文法結構長難句  說明古代三大陸由來  學術論文與著作必須在有限的頁數與篇幅中承載豐富的訊息與札實的論述，不能浪費時間與空間使用短小簡易的句子，於是必須藉由高超的文法技巧把多個短小句濃縮為一個複雜長難句。 * ** 學術句子常用的高級文法 1 .現在分詞片語代替一個主動式的關係子句 ； 2 .過去 分詞片語代替一個被動式的關係子句； 3.  多個子句層層堆疊； 4 .以 現在分詞和過去分詞樣貌呈現為形容詞使用；   5 .介係詞 後常使用動名詞來帶出一個子句； 6 .常 有較長的同位語； 7 .常 有名詞子句當主結構的主詞或受詞 ； 8 .常有對等連接詞連結兩個或三個主詞、主詞子句，受詞、受詞子句，動詞、動詞片語，形容詞、當形容詞用的關係子句，不定詞、動名詞、介係詞。 * ** 結構破解 示範（Structure Analysis）例句 In the seventh century, the Archbishop Isidore of Seville, writing an encyclopedia called the Etymologiae that circulated widely in manuscript, had drawn the world as a circle surrounded by oceans and divided by seas into three bodies of land, Asia, Europe, and Africa, inhabited by the descendants of three sons of Noah : Shem, Japhet, and Ham. * **排列為 比較容易理解閱讀的方式 In the seventh century,  the Archbishop Isidore of Seville ,  writing an encyclopedia  called the Etymologiae that circulated widely in manuscript,  had drawn the world  as a circ...
閱讀完整內容

英格蘭大憲章 54個英文字一句話 學術型超複雜文法結構長難句 說明美國要有成文憲法的原因

  【丁連財的 英文學術型超複雜文法結構長難句破解示範 】 【大幅提升英文閱讀與寫作能力必經的訓練過程】54 個英文字一句 話    學術型超複雜文法結構長難句  說明美國要有成文憲法的原因 學術論文與著作必須在有限的頁數與篇幅中承載豐富的訊息與札實的論述，不能浪費時間與空間使用短小簡易的句子，於是必須藉由高超的文法技巧把多個短小句濃縮為一個複雜長難句。 * ** 學術句子常用的高級文法 1 .現在分詞片語代替一個主動式的關係子句 ； 2 .過去 分詞片語代替一個被動式的關係子句； 3.  多個子句層層堆疊； 4 .以 現在分詞和過去分詞樣貌呈現為形容詞使用；   5 .介係詞 後常使用動名詞來帶出一個子句； 6 .常 有較長的同位語； 7 .常 有名詞子句當主結構的主詞或受詞 ； 8 .常有對等連接詞連結兩個或三個主詞、主詞子句，受詞、受詞子句，動詞、動詞片語，形容詞、當形容詞用的關係子句，不定詞、動名詞、介係詞。 * ** 結構破解 示範（Structure Analysis）例句 Edward Coke , an English Chief Justice, who resurrected Magna Carta, explained a great deal about how it is that some English colonists would one day come to believe that their king has no right to rule them and why their descendants would come to believe that the United States needed a written constitution. * **排列為 比較容易理解閱讀的方式 Edward Coke ,  an English Chief Justice,  who resurrected Magna Carta,  explained a great deal about  how  it is  that  some English colonists would one...
閱讀完整內容

緬甸古都曼德勒故宮 63個英文字一句話 學術型超複雜文法結構長難句

 【丁連財的英文學術型超複雜文法結構長難句】63個英文字一句話 學術型超複雜文法結構長難句 介紹緬甸古都曼德勒故宮。 * ** 結構破解示範 （ Structure Analysis）例句 The old palace walls and wide moat still dominate Mandalay, the capital of the Burmese Konbaung dynasty, located on the east bank of the Irrawaddy River and haunted by the foreigners who sacked the city and terminated the royal lines in the nineteenth century and today champion Aung San Suu Kyi, the daughter of the founder of the modern Burmese army, Bogyoke Aung San, who won the country independence.   * **排列為 比較容易理解閱讀的方式 The old palace walls and wide moat still dominate Mandalay,  the capital of the Burmese Konbaung dynasty,  located on the east bank of the Irrawaddy River  and haunted by the foreigners  who sacked the city and terminated the royal lines in the nineteenth century  and today champion Aung San Suu Kyi,  the daughter of the founder of the modern Burmese army,  Bogyoke Aung San,  who won the country independence. *** 分解為原初的各個短小...
閱讀完整內容