言論自由受箝制與人民權利受壓迫 130個字一句學術形複雜文法結構長句話說明緬甸國家安全法

【丁連財的英文學術型超複雜文法結構長難句破解示範】【大幅提升英文閱讀與寫作能力必經的訓練過程】附有●文法解析●參考翻譯●適合英檢中高級複試及格以上／雅思閱讀7.0以上／托福閱讀24以上

***130個英文字一句學術型超複雜文法結構長難句，說明緬甸軍事執政團如何箝制自由並壓制公民權。

***結構破解示範（Structure Analysis）例句

Myanma, ruled by a military junta for decade, stands out as the country in ASEAN that in recent years has mostly effectually muzzled the freedoms of speech and expression of the people and blocked the rights to association and assembly of the political activists by citing some articles embedded in the National Security Law passed in 2021, which makes it legal for anyone to be detained just on a word of a military policeman without any criminal charge and for the government to impose curfews, declare martial law, and suspend all civil rights in any area, ostensibly as a means of combatting terrorism and foiling traitors' collusion with foreign elements, a pretext also frequently used by China, the largest Orwellian state, to round up or even kill all the dissidents.

***學術句子常用的高級文法

1. 現在分詞片語代替一個主動式的關係子句；

2.過去分詞片語代替一個被動式的關係子句；

3. 多個子句層層堆疊；

4. 以現在分詞和過去分詞樣貌呈現為形容詞使用；

5. 介係詞後常使用動名詞來帶出一個子句；

6. 常有較長的同位語；

7. 常有名詞子句當主結構的主詞或受詞；

8. 常有對等連接詞連結兩個或三個主詞、主詞子句，受詞、受詞子句，動詞、動詞片語，形容詞、當形容詞用的關係子句，不定詞、動名詞、介係詞。

***排列為比較容易理解閱讀的方式

Myanmar,

ruled by a military junta for decades,

stands out as the country

in ASEAN

that

in recent years

has mostly effectually muzzled the freedoms of speech and expression of the people

and blocked the rights to association and assembly of the political activists

by citing some articles

embedded in the National Security Law

passed in 2021,

which makes it legal for anyone

to be detained

just on a word of a military policeman

without any criminal charge

and for the government

to impose curfews, declare martial law, and suspend all civil rights in any area,

ostensibly as a means of combatting terrorism

and foiling traitors' collusion with foreign elements,

a pretext

also frequently used by China,

the largest Orwellian state in the globe,

to round up

or even kill all the dissidents.

***分解為原初的各個短小句

1. Myanmar stands out as the country in ASEAN.

這個句子有8個字，是整個大句的主要結構（主句），其他都是附屬結構。若找不出主句，就掛了，必須降級到中階課程。英文學術型超複雜文法結構長難句破解是高階課程，學習者起碼要有英檢中高級程度。

2. Myanmar has been ruled by a military junta for decades.

3.Myanmar in recent years has mostly effectually muzzled the freedoms of speech and expression of the people by citing some articles.

4. And Myanmar in recent years has blocked the rights to association and assembly of the political activists by citing some articles.

5.The articles are embedded in the National Security Law.

6.The National Security Law was passed in 2021.

7. The Law makes it legal for anyone to be detained just on a word of a military policeman without any criminal charge.

8. And the Law makes it legal for the government to impose curfews, declare martial law, and suspend all civil rights in any area.

9.The Law is ostensibly as a means of combatting terrorism and foiling traitors' collusion with foreign elements.

10.That is a pretext.

11.The pretext has frequently been used by China to round up or even kill all the dissidents.

12.China is the largest Orwellian state in the globe.

***長難句組合寫作練習（Composition，不要看例句，藉由譯文與文法將前述12個短小句子組合回原來的長句）

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***例句參考翻譯（翻譯沒有標準答案，只有正誤與優劣）

東南亞國家協會中，軍事執政團統治數十年的緬甸近年來惹目，以最大效度箝制人民的言論與表達自由，並且封殺政治活躍份子的結社與集會權利。其作為是引用2021年通過的國家安全法當中的條款，只需憲兵一句話而且沒有任何刑事罪名就拘押任何人，是合法的；政府在任何地區實施宵禁、宣布戒嚴、停止所有公民權利，也是合法。表面上，這被說成是對付恐怖主義與破獲叛國者與外國勢力勾結的手段，其實是個藉口。全球最大的歐威爾式國家中國，就經常利用這個藉口來關押或殺害異議人士。

***補充說明

Orwellian state 這個詞源自英國著名作家George Orwell，其名著《一九八四》與《動物農場》描述的是極權（totalitarism）又集權（centralization）的全面監控統治體制，毫無自由，一有異議或反抗就慘遭對付。就西方的定義而言，中國、朝鮮、緬甸、古巴…都是歐威爾式國家，新加坡也是。在新加坡國境內說或寫『新加坡是歐威爾式國家』，會被提起誹謗詆毀國家罪，要罰款又入獄。英國經濟學人週刊曾批判新加坡是歐威爾式國家，不只當期在新加坡下架禁售，還有約半年期間都不得在新加坡發行。